Ancient Chinese Philosophies: Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism, Buddhism

What caused the '100 Schools of Thought'?

Chaos during the Warring States Period.

Who founded Confucianism?

Confucius

What is the core belief of Confucianism?

Social order through proper relationships.

What is filial piety?

Respect for parents and elders.

What are the Five Relationships in Confucianism?

Ruler-subject, parent-child, husband-wife, older-younger sibling, older-younger friend.

Why did Confucianism appeal to rulers?

It promoted stability and obedience.

Who founded Daoism?

Laozi

What is the Dao?

The natural force that flows through all life.

What is wu wei?

'Going with the flow.'

What does Daoism emphasize harmony with?

Nature.

Which philosophy influenced Chinese art?

Daoism.

Who is linked to Legalism?

Han Feizi

What is Legalism's view of human nature?

Humans are selfish.

How does Legalism maintain order?

Strict laws and harsh punishments.

Which dynasty used Legalism?

Qin Dynasty.

Why did Legalism fail long-term?

It caused resentment and rebellion.

Who founded Buddhism?

Siddhartha Gautama

What is the main cause of suffering in Buddhism?

Desire.

What are the Four Noble Truths about?

Suffering and how to end it.

What is Nirvana?

Freedom from suffering and desire.

How did Buddhism reach China?

Through the Silk Road.

When did Buddhism arrive in China?

During the Han Dynasty.

Why did Buddhism appeal to common people?

It offered hope during suffering.

When did Buddhism peak in China?

Tang Dynasty.

What happened to Buddhism under Emperor Wuzong?

Persecution.

What are the 'Three Teachings'?

Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism.

Which philosophy focuses on government?

Confucianism.

Which philosophy rejects government rules?

Daoism.

Which philosophy demands obedience?

Legalism.

Which belief system focuses on ending suffering?

Buddhism.