Canada's Human Geography Review Flashcards

Flashcards reviewing key concepts from the Canada's Human Geography lecture notes.

What is population density?

The number of people per square kilometer.

What are Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs)?

Urban areas with populations over 100,000 people, usually centered around a city with borders that extend beyond it.

What percentage of Canadians live within CMAs?

70%

List some pros of urban living.

Access to services, employment opportunities, social activities.

List some cons of urban living.

High cost of living, overcrowding and pollution, stress and fast-paced life.

List some pros of rural living.

Peaceful environment, close to nature, lower cost of living.

List some cons of rural living.

Limited access to services, fewer job opportunities, social isolation.

Define Ecumene

Area with permanent settlement

What is continuous ecumene?

Where there is continuous, permanent settlement.

What is discontinuous ecumene?

Where there are significant patches of settlement, but it’s broken up.

How do you calculate population density?

Population density = (Population / Area)

What is population distribution?

Patterns in which the population is spread across an area.

How do yo calculate Net Migration Rate (NMR)?

NMR = (IR / 1000) - (ER / 1000)

What is the doubling time / rule of 70?

Time it takes a country to double their populatioin calculated by 70 / PGR(population growth rate) x 10

What do population pyramids show?

The age and gender composition of a population at a given point in time.

Who makes up the Lower Dependency Load?

People aged 0-15 years who are ‘dependent’ on the workforce

Who makes up the Upper Dependency Load?

People aged 65+ years who are ‘dependent’ on the workforce

Who is in the workforce?

People aged 15-65 who support the lower and upper dependency loads

Describe an expansive population pyramid.

Wide base, lots of kids, going up it gets thinner. As they age, the percent of population decreases.

Describe a stable/stationary population pyramid.

Relatively wide base, 20-30, the workforce is equal in number to the base. Lots of people in lower dependency load, and sort of taper off a little less rapidly compared to Expansive.

Describe a contracting/declining population pyramid.

Top heavy, sometimes has most of the cohort in upper dependency and workforce. Bottom of the population has a small number of young people. Less people being born.

Name common population issues in Canada.

Labor shortages , Housing Crisis, Urban Sprawl, Health Care Accessibility, Infrastructure Challenges, Food Security, Education System Stress

When were the Baby Boomers born?

Between 1946 and 1964

List causes of the baby boom.

End of WW2, War Brides, Immigration, Age of Economic Prosperity, Cultural value for ‘Nuclear Family’.

What led to the creation of suburbs?

Huge demand for family housing and ‘safe’ living areas

What are push factors in immigration?

A reason that encourages people to move away from their current country

What are pull factors in immigration?

A reason that makes a particular country seem attractive to potential immigrants

What are the main immigrant classifications?

Economic, Family, and Refugee

What are key components of economic immigrants?

Includes skilled workers who must pass Point System (at least 67 pts).

What are key components of family immigrants?

Sponsored by a family in Canada - must prove they can support them. No point system.

What are key components of refugee immigrants?

No point system. Must prove life is in danger - Case by Case. At least 45,000/year accepted