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Progressive movement
changes to existing social order in the early 20th century
Muck-raker journalists
brought limited reforms in food and drug safety, industrial safety, child labor, environmental protections
Vision of modernity and opposing sides
Muck-raker journalist ideology and the conservation crusade vs. eugenics
Conservation Crusade
movement brought by teddy roosevelet to protect natural resources
What did the conservation crusade lead to
the creation of national parks
Flexner report of 1910
modernized medical education
Corporations and organizations emerging during progressive era
General electric
boy scouts of america
girl scouts of america
IBM
ways early 20th century saw the reinforcement of existing social order
legal means
mob violence
legal ways of maintaining social order
Jim Crow laws
Jim Crow laws
shaped business and personal life by affecting how people traveled and interacted in public spaces
Jim Crow laws outcomes related to class
benefits of new fuel sources were not equally shared
Reed Johnson Act
limited the number of immigrants allowed in the US through national origins quota
what group did Reed Johnson Act exclude
every group but completely excluded immigrants from asia
mob violence in America
mob violence kills over 4000 between reconstruction and WW2
victims of mob violence
lynching victims mostly black, but many mexican and other non-whites
early 20th century and fossil fuels
fossil fuels increasingly shape American transit and life
Breaking of standard oil
US supreme court breaks up standard oil into companies central to fossil fuel production like Chevron and exxon mobil
Breaking of standard oil importance
the breakup forms companies highly influential today, seeking to keep fossil fuels central to global economy
post WW1 US
US emerges from WW1 with factories and farmlands unscathed
booming population and economy
What group helped win WW1 for America
Native Americans
Indian Citizenship Act in 1924
gave citizenship for all Native Americans
What scared the US post WW1
the russian revolution
What did the Russian revolution lead to
Russia gets led by communists
Red scare
Prohibition
a pro-family and women’s right effort to keep paychecks coming home
Boom in cities 1920s
1920s was the first time over half of the US population was defined as urban
Rural america in 1920s
farm families do not see same economic gains as urban ones
What event marked the beginning of the great crash
Black Monday
How much did the Dow drop on Black Monday
almost 13% followed by a drop of 12%
How long did it take the Dow to recover
20 years
Great Crash of 1929
over 10 weeks, stocks on NYSE lost half of their value
What drove the US into the great depression
bank panics in 1930/1931
What do bank failures mean for citizens
many americans lose their savings
what does the stock market crash mean
businesses fail so people lose their jobs
Job loss in the great depression
a quarter of all workers were unemployed
Hoovervilles
communities of cardboard shacks for americans who lost their homes
How did people look for jobs in the Great Depression
people roamed the country on foot and on boxcars seeking work
The New Deal
expansion of government power and the idea that government should help americans when they are sick old or having trouble finding a job
Aspects of the first new deal
federal emergency relief administration
home owners loan corporation
TVA
flint michigan sit down strike
forced recognition of automobile workers union at GM
What group helped workers unionize
US communist party ends non-cooperation and works with labor unions
federal emergency relief administration
Distributed $500 million to states for unemployment relief
Home Owners Loan Corporation
federal agency that refinanced home mortgages to prevent mass foreclosures
How vast was the Home Owners Loan Corporation
refinanced one in five of all mortgaged homes in america
Labor unrest in the Great Depression
Sit-down strikes in GM and US Steel
US communist party
Aspects of the second new deal
Social Security Act
National Labor Relations Act
Social security act
created foundation of American social safety net
aspects of social security act
old age insurance
unemployment insurance
aid to dependent children
National Labor relations act
guaranteed workers the legal right to unionize and force employers to negotiate with them
First New Deal main idea
emergency response to immediate crisis, stabilizing collapsing economy
Second New Deal main idea
permanent structural reform that shifted power toward workers and ordinary citizens