U.S. Foreign Policy, WWI, and 1920s Cultural Changes

Compare the foreign policies of Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson.

Roosevelt: Big Stick Diplomacy (use force if needed). Taft: Dollar Diplomacy (use economic influence). Wilson: Moral Diplomacy (spread democracy and ethics).

It allowed all nations equal trade rights in China and increased U.S. involvement in Asia.

What is the Open Door Policy and how did it impact America?

Sensationalized news that exaggerated events; helped stir public support for war against Spain.

What is yellow journalism? How did it impact the Spanish American War?

The U.S. frequently intervened politically and militarily to protect its interests, especially under Roosevelt's Corollary.

Describe the US relationship with Latin America during the early 1900s.

To shorten travel for trade and military ships; supported Panama's independence from Colombia to gain canal rights.

Why did the US/President Roosevelt want to build a canal in Panama? How did he make this happen?

Germany's use of submarines to sink ships without warning; U.S. objected after American lives were lost (e.g., Lusitania).

What is unrestricted submarine warfare, and why did the US object to it?

Laws that limited free speech during WWI to stop criticism of the war effort and government.

Explain the Espionage and Sedition Acts.

Senators feared joining the League of Nations would drag the U.S. into future wars.

Why did the US Senate refuse to support the Treaty of Versailles that ended WWI?

Unrestricted submarine warfare, Zimmerman Telegram, and to defend democracy.

Why did the US enter WWI?

Main causes: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism. Spark: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

What were the main causes and immediate cause/spark of WWI?

African Americans served in segregated units; women worked in factories, farms, and as nurses.

What were the roles of African Americans and women in WWI?

African Americans moved north for factory jobs and to escape racial violence; changed northern city demographics.

Explain why the Great Migration occurred.

A peace plan promoting democracy and self-determination; League of Nations was added to the treaty.

Explain Wilson's Fourteen Points. Which one was added to the Treaty of Versailles?

Fear of communism spreading in the U.S. after the Russian Revolution and labor strikes.

What is the Red Scare and why did it occur?

A cultural movement celebrating African American art, music, and literature; increased racial pride.

Explain what the Harlem Renaissance was and its significance.

A teacher was tried for teaching evolution; challenged the conflict between religion and science.

What was the Scopes Trial? What did the court case challenge?

Through new music, fashion, flapper culture, and changing social norms.

How did some Americans challenge traditional cultural values during the 1920s?

"Return to Normalcy" - a desire to go back to pre-war peace and stability.

What was Warren Harding's campaign slogan and what did it mean?

People bought more goods on credit, advertising grew, and mass production changed lifestyles.

Explain the impact of consumerism on American society in the 1920s.

Immigration quotas limited arrivals from southern and eastern Europe; reflected nativism and fear of radicals.

How did the US view immigration in the Post-War 1920s?

Laissez-faire capitalism, low taxes, and growth of consumer industries created economic boom.

Explain the economic policies of the Roaring 20s.

Led to organized crime, illegal speakeasies, and disrespect for the law.

What were the impacts of Prohibition on American society?

Automobiles, radios, and household appliances transformed daily life and culture.

What major technologies impacted American lifestyle during the 1920s?

It stated that the U.S. could intervene in Latin American countries to maintain stability and protect its interests.

What was the purpose of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine?

The war boosted industrial production and led to higher demand for goods, but after the war, there was inflation and labor unrest.

How did World War I affect the U.S. economy?

They were sold by the government to help finance the war effort.

What was the purpose of Liberty Bonds during WWI?

Germany had to accept blame for the war, pay reparations, and give up territory.

What was the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany?

Women gained more independence, worked outside the home, and helped lead to the 19th Amendment (women's suffrage).

How did women's roles change after WWI?

To maintain peace and prevent future wars through collective security.

What was the main goal of the League of Nations?

A government corruption scandal during Harding's presidency involving oil reserves and bribery.

What was the Teapot Dome Scandal?

It connected people nationwide with news, music, sports, and entertainment.

How did radio impact American society in the 1920s?

It granted women the right to vote, expanding democracy in the U.S.

What was the significance of the 19th Amendment?

Young women who embraced new fashions and attitudes; symbolized independence and change in the 1920s.

What were flappers and what did they represent?