Biol 2160 Exam 5

A deficiency in cholesterol will have the largest effect on the activity of which organ?

a. Pancreas

b. Liver

c. Large intestine

d. Small intestine

b. Liver

A liver cell in your body that as become infected by a virus would present an antigen on its own:

a. Class I MHC complex

b. Class II MHC complex

a. Class I MHC Complex

A person wo has their gall bladder removed must closely monitor their intake of what?

a. Beer

b. Fats

c. Carbohydrates

d. Proteins

e. Liver

b. Fats

Allergies are a result of excessive release of what?

a. Perforin

b. Helper T cells

c. Antigens

d. Histamine

Histamine

An epitope is part of

a. A phagocyte

b. An antigen

c. An antibody

d. A receptor

An antigen

Bile salts are made from

a. Cholesterol

b. Carbohydrates

c. Proteins

d. Enzymes

Cholesterol

Both B cells and T cells have receptors for antigens on their membranes

T/F

True

Cytotoxic T cells release perforin, which does what?

a. Results in clonal selection of plasma cells

b. Stimulates other lymphocytes

c. Forms pores in cell membranes

d. Activates helper memory cells

Forms pores in cell membranes

During a record setting at the bar, you manage to consume 1000 mLs of alcohol. About how much water will you eliminate in your urine

a. 2000 mLs

b. 4000 mLs

c. 250 mLs

d. 1000 mLs

4000 mLs

Eating a meal that is high in protein will result in increased release of which pancreatic enzyme?

a. Amylase

b. Pepsinogen

c. None

d. Chymotrypsin

e. Lipase

Chymotrypsin

Failure of the pancreas to secrete adequate levels of sodium bicarbonate might have which of the following consequences?

a. Damage to the small intestine due to exposure to acidic chyme

b. Improper digestion of fats

c. Improper digestion of proteins

d. Inadequate release of bile from the liver

Damage to the small intestine due to exposure to acidic chyme

Helper T cells are involved in

a. Both humoral and cell mediated immunity

b. Neither

c. Cell mediated immunity

d. Humoral immunity

Both humoral and cell mediated immunity

How do memory B cells help you avoid getting the same illness twice?

a. By forming plasma cells and releasing antibodies

b. By releasing interferon

c. By producing more natural killer cells

d. By producing more cytotoxic T cells

By forming plasma cells and releasing antibodies

If you were to measure the pH of chyme in the duodenum, and found it to be between 7 and 8, would this promote, or delay further emptying of gastric contents?

a. Delay

b. Promote

Promote

In which part of the nephron is Na+ not reabsorbed?

a. Ascending limb of the Loop of Henle

b. Descending limb of the Loop of Henle

c. Proximal tubule

d. None

Descending limb of the Loop of Henle

Increased blood flow to the site of injury is a result of _____ being released by mast cells

a. Cytokines

b. Platelets

c. Histamine

d. Interferon

Histamine

Increased vasopressin levels might be attributed to improper functioning of which digestive organ?

a. Large intestine

b. Pancrease

c. Stomach

d. Liver

Large intestine

Reabsorption of _____ in the proximal tubule is active

a. Urea

b. Water

c. All of the above

d. Na+

Na+

Select the incorrect statement about ADH

a. It is produced by the distal tubule

b. It is also called vasopressin

c. It is not secreted if the body consumes large amounts of water

d. It stimulates reabsorption of water

e. it is secreted if the body fluids become hypertonic

It is produced by the distal tubule

Some drugs are easily detected in the urine because of which process?

a. Filtration

b. Secretion

c. Concentration

d. Reabsorption

Secretion

The colon is part of which digestive organ?

a. Small intestine

b. Liver

c. Large intestine

Large intestine

The Na+/K+ ATPase transport system that plays a pivotal role in much of tubular reabsorption is located on the

a. Podocytes

b. Basement membrane

c. Glomerular capillary membrane

d. Basolateral membrane of tubular cells

e. Luminal membrane of tubular cells

Basolateral membrane of tubular cells

The pharyngoesophageal sphincter is normally closed to prevent what?

a. Food from entering pharynx

b. Gastric contents from refluxing back into the esophagus

c. Vomiting

d. Esophageal secretions from leaking into the stomach

e. Air from entering the esophagus during breathing

Air from entering the esophagus during breathing

The purpose of the Loop of Henle is to establish a concentration gradient that will allow for the reabsorption of _____ in the distal tubule and collecting duct

a. Urea

b. Glucose

c. Water

d. Na+

Water

Water reabsorption is under the control of vasopressin _______

a. Only in the glomerulus

b. Only in the proximal tubule

c. Only in the distal tubule and collecting duct

d. Along the entire length of the nephron

e. Only in the loop of Henle

Only in the distal tubule and collecting duct

What is the purpose of the cytokines in the inflammatory response?

a. Assist in the blood clotting

b. Attract more phagocytic cells

c. Increase blood flow

d. Attract more mast cells

Attract more phagocytic cells

What is the purpose of the Loop of Henle?

a. Tubular secretion of toxins

b. Filtration

c. Maintain a chemical gradient

d. Reabsorption of urea

Maintain a chemical gradient

What percentage of plasma entering the glomerulus is unfiltered and leaves through the efferent arteriole?

a. 20%

b. 8%

c. 25%

d. 80%

e. 67%

80%

What percentage of the total Na+ that gets reabsorbed takes place int he proximal tubule?

a. 80

b. 67

c. 8

d. 25

67

When the extracellular fluid becomes too acidic, the tubular sectretion of

a. No ionic substance is affected

b. Sodium ions increases

c. Hydrogen ions increases

d. Hydrogen ions decreases

e. Sodium ions decreases

Hydrogen ions increases

Where does 25% of the total Na+ reabsorbed take place?

a. Collecting tubule

b. Ascending limb of the Loop of Henle

c. Descending limb of the Loop of Henle

d. Distal tubule

e. Proximal tubule

Ascending limb of the Loop of Henle

Which cell type in the adaptive immune system would be most helpful in destroying cancerous cells in your body?

a. Natural killer cells

b. Helper T cells

c. Plasma cells

d. Cytotoxic t cells

Cytotoxic T cells

Which cell type in the innate immune system would be most useful in battling cancerous cells?

a. Natural killer T cells

b. B cell lymphocytes

c. T cell lymphocytes

d. Cytokines

Natural killer T cells

Which gastric hormone indirectly affects fat digestion

a. Secretin

b. Pancreatic lipase

c. Cholecystokinin (CCK)

d. Gastrin

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Which is Not a pancreatic hormone that is involved in protein digestion?

a. Carboxypeptidase

b. Aminopeptidase

c. Chymotrypsin

d. Trypsin

Aminopeptidase

Which is reabsorbed at the proximal tubule?

a. None

b. All

c. Glucose

d. Amino acids

d. Urea

All

Which is the primary absorptive organ of the digestive system?

a. Salivary glands

b. Oral cavity

c. Colon

d. Stomach

e. Small intestine

Small intestine

Which of the following is not a component of saliva?

a. Lysozyme

b. Amylase

c. Pepsin

d. Mucus

e. Water

Pepsin

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

a. Maintain proper plasma volume

b. Regulation of the concentration of the extracellular fluid ions

c. None

d. Maintain water balance in the body

e. Maintain appropriate CO2 levels in the blood

Maintain appropriate CO2 levels in the blood

Which of the following is not a step in transepithethial transport?

a. Movement of the substance through the cytosol of the tubular cell

b. Movement of the substance across the glomerular capillary wall

c. Movement of the substances across the basolateral membrane of the tubular cell

d. Movement of the substance across the luminal membrane of the tubular cell

e. Movement of the substance through tight junctions of tubular cells

Movement of the substance through tight junctions of tubular cells

Which of the following is NOT a type of autoimmune disease?

a. All

b. Type 1 Diabetes

c. AIDS

d. Rheumatoid arthritis

AIDS

Which of the following is NOT part of the humoral immune response?

a. Activation of helper T cells

b. Production of memory B cells

c. Secretion of antibody molecules

d. Activation of cytotoxic T cells

Activation of cytotoxic T cells

Which of the following is NOT part of the innate immunity?

a. Lysozyme

b. Skin

c. Mucus

d. T cell lymphocytes

T cell lymphocytes

Which of the following is not usually one of the substances that is secreted during tubular secretion?

a. K+

b. Na+

c. Organic ions

d. H+

Nat+

Which of the following will NOT be recognized by T cell lymphocytes?

a. Antigen presented by infected cell

b. None

c. Antigen presented by an antigen presenting cell

d. Un bound antigen circulating in the blood

Unbound antigen circulating in the blood

Which part of an antibody physically makes contact with antigens?

a. Epitope region

b. Constant region

c. Variable region

d. Antigen region

Variable region

Which process is through to control interferon release?

a. Phagocytes

b. Blood clotting

c. Fever

d. Histamine release

Fever

Which tissue layer of the digestive tract helps prevent damage from friction due to digestive motility?

a. Muscularis externa

b. Submucosa

c. Serosa

d. Mucosa

e. none

Serosa

Which type of lymphocyte divides during the humoral immune response?

a. B cell

b. T cell

B cell

Why would drinking sea water makes you more dehydrated?

a. The ascending limb of the loop of Henle would become permeable to water

b All of the above

c. Increased Na+ in the filtrate would lead to increased secretion of water in the distal tubule

d. Vasopressin would no longer be able to insert aquaporins in the distal tubule

e. Increased intake of Na+ would lead to increased tubular reabsorption of Na+

Increased Na+ in the filtrate would lead to increased secretion of water in the distal tubule