Mineral and Energy Resources
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37 Terms
What is an ore deposit?
A naturally occurring accumulation of one or more minerals that is enriched enough to be economic
Negative effects of mining
How are negative effects of mining minimised
land rehabilitation, recycling, mine waste sorting
How is mine waste used
Enrichment factors and critical minerals have changed and thus valuable “waste” is leftover
Critical mineral
It is essential for the functioning of our modern technologies, economies or national security and
There is a risk that its supply chains could be disrupted.
Rare earth element
The 15 elements in the lanthanide series
Are rare earth elements actually rare
no they just don’t form ore deposits
What is a mineral deposit?
any concentration of a mineral, economic or not
What is an ore
rock containing native metals with a high wt% of desired elements
What are the 5 types of ore deposits?
magmatic, hydrothermal, placer, sedimentary, residual
What is a magmatic ore deposit
deposits associated with igneous activity
What is a hydrothermal ore deposit
hot, ion-rich fluids flowing through fractures and pores underground
What is a sedimentary ore deposit
usually chemical precipitation from ocean or lake water
What is a placer ore deposit
concentrations of heavy material due to moving water in rivers or coastlines
What is a residual ore deposit
the remaining material left following extensive weathering
What do diamonds form in?
Kimberlite pipes
Where does the hot water for hydrothermal deposits come from
What mineral is commonly found at hydrothermal deposits
gold
How can hydrothermal deposits enrich
depressurization/cooling creates precipitation
Where does porphriph copper come from
hydrothermal deposits
Whats a VMS
volcanogenic massive sulfides
What is a Fe/Mn nodule
deposits at the bottom of the sea
What type of ore deposits are banded iron formations
sedimentary
What is the petroleum system
the geological components required to generate and preserve hydrocarbons
What’s included in the petroleum system
1. Source rock
2. Maturation
3. Migration pathways
4. Reservoir rock
5. Trap and seal structures
What is the efficiency of coal
35%
What is the efficiency of oil
38%
What is the efficiency of natural gas
45%
Why is enriched uranium required
235U will cause a chain reaction to create energy whereas natural uranium wont
What isotope is enriched uranium
235U
How is waste of nuclear reactors disposed of
covered in inert canister and impermeable clay and then buried in a stable craton
What is a craton
A large, stable block of continental crust that has survived for billions of years without significant deformation.
What is enhanced rock weathering
Encouraging natural weathering processes by increasing the surface area of chemically susceptible rocks
Diamond and graphite have the same chemical composition (C) but different structures. This is an example of
polymorphisim
What is the difference between halite and rock salt
rock salt will accumulate impurities in its formation and thus cannot be a mineral
how will elemental substitution effect hardness and density
higher atomic mass = increased density
stronger bonds = increased hardness
Note 
Flashcards (25)