HOA1 (Prehistoric Architecture)

PALEOLITHIC, MESOLITHIC, NEOLITHIC, MEGALITHIC

The chronological phases of prehistoric periods marked by distinct technological and cultural characteristics, including the use of stone tools, development of agriculture, and construction of large stone structures.

PREHISTORIC ARCHITECTURE

Little or no architectural value, set the foundation for all future human-built environments.

VITRUTIVIUS

Man in his primitive savage state began to imitate the nests of birds and lairs of beast, commencing with arbours of twigs covered with mud, then huts formed of branches of trees and covered with turf. (e.g. Shielings, jura, Scotland)

CAVES, HUT, TENT

3 types of primitive dwellings

MONOLITHS, DOLMENS, CROMLECHS, TUMULI, LAKE DWELLINGS

5 Classifications of Structures

MONOLITHS

-       Single upright stones, also known as menhirs.

-       Rows of large vertically placed rocks called megaliths, placed upright individually.

DOLMENS

-       One large flat stone supported by upright stones.

CROMLECHS

-       Series of upright stones arranged in a circle and supporting horizontal slabs.

TUMULI

Burial mounds

LAKE DWELLINGS

Wooden huts supported on piles

PALEOLITHIC PERIOD

-       Nomadic lifestyle, temporary shelters

-       Use of natural caves for protection

-       Cave interiors sometimes painted with animal figures — early symbolic thinking.

-       No real architecture yet — just using what nature provided.

LASCAUX CAVES, CHAUVET CABE

Examples of caves during Paleolithic Period

MESOLITHIC PERIOD

Transition Period

MESOLITHIC PERIOD

-       Development of temporary huts made from sticks, animal skins, and mud.

-       Slight advances in tool-making and construction techniques.

-       Greater adaptation to local environments, beginning of seasonal settlements.

STAR CARR

Example of Mesolithic structure

NEOLITHIC PERIOD

-       Permanent settlements

-       Agriculture and animal domestication

-       Advanced masonry techniques

STONE, MUDBRICK, TIMBER

Materials used during Neollithic Period

CATALHOVUK, SKARA BRAE

Examples of structures during Neolithic

CRO-MAGNON

People who uses stone for their structure

STONE, BONE, WOODEN TOOLS

Tools used by prehistoric humans for hunting, gathering, and construction.

MEGALITHIC ARCHITECTURE

·         Large stone constructions (megaliths) used for monumental structures.

-       Built without mortar, fitted together by precise stone-working.

MEGALITHIC ARCHITECTURE

for ritualistic, astronomical, funerary

MENHIRS, DOLMENS, CROMLECHS

3 types of structure during megalithic architecture

GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, CLIMATE, RELIGION, SOCIAL & POLITICAL, HISTORY

Tree of Architecture