Intermolecular Forces of Attraction

These flashcards cover essential concepts related to intermolecular forces of attraction, including definitions, types of interactions, and examples.

What does the kinetic molecular theory state?

It states that matter is composed of tiny particles that carry energy, interact with one another, and are in constant random motion.

What are intermolecular forces?

Intermolecular forces are attractive forces present between molecules.

What are the four main types of intermolecular forces?

London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, ion-dipole forces, and hydrogen bonding forces.

What are London dispersion forces also known as?

They are collectively known as van der Waals forces of attraction.

What is the interaction between two oppositely charged particles called?

Ion-ion interaction.

What is an ion-dipole interaction?

It is the attractive force that occurs between a polar molecule and an ion.

What characterizes dipole-dipole interactions?

They are present in polar molecules which are described as dipoles.

What is hydrogen bonding?

An attractive force that exists when hydrogen is bonded to the most electronegative atoms: F, O, or N.

What unusual property of water is attributed to hydrogen bonding?

Many unusual properties of water are attributed to hydrogen bonding.

What are London dispersion forces?

The weakest type of intermolecular force; present between all electrically neutral molecules.

What leads to the formation of induced dipoles?

An instantaneous dipole may induce the formation of another dipole.

How do dipole-dipole interactions compare in strength to other intermolecular forces?

They are a moderately strong type of intermolecular force.

What is a defining feature of London dispersion forces?

All electrically neutral molecules exhibit London dispersion forces.

What happens during ion-dipole interactions?

The partially positive end of a polar molecule interacts with an anion, while the partially negative end interacts with a cation.

What example illustrates ionic bonding?

The interaction between sodium ion (Na+) and chloride ion (Cl–) in table salt.