C.3.2 - Self Determination

Self-determination theory

• explains why people initiate, persist, and regulate behaviour

• believes that people have an innate drive to grow, learn, and achieve their potential

Motivation continuum

• amotivation to controlled (other factors) extrinsic to autonomous (your control) extrinsic to intrinsic motivation

3 core points of self determination theory

• autonomy

• competence

• relatedness

Amotivation

• lack of desire to act or no link between effort and outcome

• someone avoids physical activity because they see no point in it

Extrinsic regulation

• doing activity only to gain reward or avoid punishment

introjected regulation

• doing activity due to internal pressure, guilt, or obligation

Identified regulation

• doing activity because its personally valued

Integrated regulation

• doing activity because its part of identity and aligns with personal values

Intrinsic motivation

• doing activity for pure enjoyment, fun, or satisfaction

Cognitive evaluation theory

• explains how autonomy and competence build intrinsic motivation

• positive feedback boosts competence and increases intrinsic drive

• controlling rewards reduces autonomy which lowers intrinsic motivation

• negative feedback reduces competence and decreases intrinsic motivation

Organismic integration theory

• explains how external motives become internalised over time

• moves from extrinsic to introjected to identified to integrated to intrinsic

• social context affects how far along this spectrum athletes progress

• explains how external motives can gradually feel self-driven

Causality orientations theory

• people develop tendencies based on environments they experience

• autonomy-supportive environments build autonomy orientation

• controlling environments build controlled orientation

• Amotivating environments build impersonal orientation

Relationship motivation theory

• focuses on relatedness as a central driver

• autonomy and competence are also needed to maintain supportive relationships

• close relationships enhance motivation, wellness and adherence

Basic psychological needs theory

• autonomy, competence, and relatedness are essential for well-being and intrinsic motivation

• if these are supported then athletes thrive but if not supported then athletes may burnout, dropout, or have poor performance

• ex: swimmer improves times (competence), chooses training sets (autonomy), and bonds with teammates (relatedness) so swimmer will thrive

Applying Self determination theory to coaching

• autonomy-supportive coaching will give athletes more self-determined motivation, enjoyment, effort, and persistence

• controlling coaching will give athletes more external motivation, guilt, and dropout risk

• coaches can involve athletes in decisions (automony), give skill-focused feedback (competence), and build team culture (relatedness)

Goal contents theory

• intrinsic goals (health, skill mastery) will satisfy basic needs and enhance motivation

• extrinsic goals (money, fame) will not meet needs and can undermine motivation

Self determination theory - organismic dialectic approach to motivation

• Organismic - humans have an inner drive to grow, develop, and fulfil their potential

• dialectic - interactions between the individual and the environment

Cognitive evaluation theory

• how external factors like rewards will influence intrinsic motivation

• social environment provides informational feedback and about performance, and positive feedback enhances competence, which boosts intrinsic motivation

• rewards can make individuals feel controlled by others which can decrease motivation

• negative feedback can reduce intrinsic motivation

Organismic integration theory

causality orientation theory

• explains how individuals develop different motivational tendencies based on their exposure to three types of environments

• autonomy supportive environments

• controlling environments

• amotivating environments

relationship motivation theory

• highlight that positive interpersonal interactions are essential for well being and performance

• well being is feeling valued and connedcted enhances motivation

• supportive relationships foster resiliences and persistence