General Science and Core Concepts Review

Flashcards covering key concepts from General Science, Chemistry, Physics, and Computer Science topics.

Density

The amount of mass matter occupies per given volume.

pH of 8.0

Said to be Basic.

Heat transfer method when hot air rises and cold air moves down

Convection.

Single piece of information in a computer, either 0 or 1

A single Bit.

Force of a surface perpendicular to an object resting against it

Normal Force.

Motion concept where an object reaches a constant fall speed

Terminal Velocity.

Vector quantity

A quantity that has both magnitude and direction.

Highest level of division for matter in the classification diagram

Pure Substances and Mixtures.

Characteristic difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures

Homogeneous mixtures look the same throughout, while heterogeneous mixtures have visible different parts.

Type of matter that cannot be separated into simpler substances

Element.

Classification of sweet tea

Homogeneous mixture.

Example of a physical change

Melting of ice.

Reason chemical reactions need to be balanced

To ensure the number of each atom matches on both sides.

Phase change of a solid turning directly into a gas

Sublimation.

Phase change processes that require removing energy

Freezing, Condensation, and Deposition.

Balanced equation for the combustion of propane

C3 H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2 O.

Newton's law explaining why a rider gets thrown forward when a horse stops

Newton's First Law (Law of Inertia).

Slope of a Distance-Time graph

Represents Speed (rate of change of distance).

Indication of a changing slope on a D-T graph

The object's speed is changing (acceleration or deceleration).

Sign (+ or -) of a force or acceleration in physics problems

Indicates the direction of the force or motion.

Net force calculation for a 5 kg object pushed with 20 N right and 5 N left

15 N to the right.

Acceleration calculated using net force and mass

a = F/m = 15 N/5 kg = 3 m/s^2.

Rearranged formula for velocity from kinetic energy formula KE=1/2 mv^2

v = sqrt(2×KE/m).

Energy relationship as a child slides down a slide

Potential energy decreases while kinetic energy increases.

Relationship between frequency and wavelength in waves

As frequency increases, wavelength decreases.

Definition of a signal

A way to transfer information from one place to another.

Three essential aspects a signal needs to transfer information

Sender, Medium, and Receiver.

What makes a signal analog

Creates a continuous representation of the original information.

Attenuation in signal transfer

The loss of energy of an analog signal as it travels through a medium.

Why digital signals are robust and resistant to noise

They use two discrete values (1 or 0), allowing easy identification and cleaning of interference.

Purpose of encryption in digital transfer

To change the signal so that it becomes unreadable to unauthorized actors.

Binary number 111001 converted to decimal

57.

Decimal number 78 converted to binary

1001110.

Initial count in Run-Length Encoding (RLE)

Establishes the pattern for the receiver.

Compressed form for the pixel sequence 000111100011

(3,4,3,2).

Shape traced by a robot moving forward and turning right 90° four times

A Square.

Process of ignoring minor details in Computational Thinking

Abstraction.

Step-by-step instructions for solving a problem in Computational Thinking

Algorithm Design.

Primary function of the CPU

Processing (executing instructions and performing calculations).

Category for a Monitor in Hardware

Output.