ch 16 innate immunity kahoot

What are the characteristics of the innate immune system?

a rapid; non-specific response; does not require learning or develop memory

Which of the following is NOT a type of nonspecific resistance?

antibody-mediated immunity

What are types of nonspecific resistance?

physical barriers, chemical and cellular barriers, fevers

TRUE FALSE Fevers should always be reduced to return the body to resting temperature.

False, fevers are a natural and important part of the body’s immune response to fight off infections. The elevated temperature inhibits the growth of bacteria and viruses and enhances the function of immune cells

This white blood cell is the most prevalent type in the body and is the first responder.

Neutrophils

What is the primary role of neutrophils in innate immunity

engulfing and destroying pathogens

This granulocyte is most effective against helminths

eosinophils

This agranulocyte can perform phagocytosis in its active state. Targets bacteria very well.

macrophagaes that develop from a monocyte—monocytes are a type of agranulocyte, lacking prominent cytoplasmis granules when stained

Which of the following is NOT an example of a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)?

Toll-like receptor (TLRs)

Which of the following is ARE examples of a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)?

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), flagellin, peptidoglycan

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) help immune cells by

Detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)

During inflammation, what is diapedesis?

white blood cells passing through capillary walls

What is NOT true about inflammation?

it causes vasoconstriction

What is TRUE about inflammation?

it is an innate system, it results in redness, heat, swelling, and pain, and increases capillary permeability

What step must occur before digestion of microbe by enzymes within phagocyte?

formation of phagolysosome

Which mucous membrane secretion breaks down peptidoglycan cell walls of bacteria?

lysozyme

Iron-binding proteins protect the host by:

depriving microbes of essential iron

Which innate immunity cell cause virus infected or cancer cells to go through apoptosis?

natural killer cells (NK cells)

How do natural killer cells work?

they release perforin and granzyme, leading to apoptosis

What enzyme makes pores in the cell membrane?

perforin

Which activation pathway leads to the cleavage of C3 into C3a and C3b?

All activation pathways—classical, alternative, mannose binding lectin pathways

What is the result of the complement pathway?

lysis of target bacteria, increased inflammation, and increased phagocytosis through opsonization

What is the assembly of C5, C6, C7, C8, and many C9s called that forms pores in the membranes of target cells?

The Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)

This white blood cell consists of T-cells and B-cells

Lymphocytes

What are examples of a cytokine?

Interleukins (ILs), interferons (IFNs), and chemokines

TRUE FALSE Interferons are part of the specific immune system.

False, interferons are part of the innate nonspecific immune system, not the specific adaptive one

When neighboring cells are activated by interferons in response to the presence of viruses, what action do they take?

activate expression of antiviral genes to produce antiviral proteins

TRUE FALSE Phagocytosis Process: Adherence → Digestion → Ingestion → Exocytosis

False, the sequence is out of order—the correct sequence should be Adherence —> Ingestion —> Digestion —> Exocytosis