Chapter 10: The Industrial Revolution (1865–1898)

Benjamin Harrison

\________ and allies passed major legislation (meat inspection act, banning lotteries, battleships)

Municipal governments

\________ were practically nonexistent, and services for the poor were provided by churches, private charities, and ethnic communities, or by corrupt political bosses.

Industrialization

\________: introduction of faster machines in manufacturing leading to economies of scale and decreased cost per unit.

Wilson Gorman Tariff

\________ considered one of the causes of the Spanish- American War.

Grover Cleveland

\________ believed in minimal government intervention.

Booker T Washington

\________: Born into slavery, no illusions of white society accepting Blacks as equals.

financial panics

Problems with Consolidation: required large amounts of money leading to \________ and bank failures, public resentment, and government response in the form of antitrust legislation.

ICC

\________ was active until deregulated by Reagan administration in 1980s.

Factories

\________ were established in cities in the 19th century to reduce labor costs and maximize profits.

Lincoln

\________ challenged America to have a Transcontinental Railroad connecting the country within a decade (1863- 1869)

Corporate Consolidation

\________: large businesses resulting from economies of scale and lack of government regulations, leading to monopolies and holding companies.

William H Seward

\________ set precedent for increased American participation in Western Hemisphere.

Oregon

The Nez Perce tribe in \________ was forced to migrate to a reservation in Idaho, leading to resistance by Chief Joseph.

Granger laws

\________ regulated the railroads in the 1870s and 1880s.

depot towns

Rails transformed \________ into cities and facilitated faster travel, contact with ideas and technological advances from the East, and contributed to the Industrial Revolution.

Vertical Integration

\________: one company buys out all the factors of production from raw materials to finished product, still allowing competition in the marketplace.

Homestead Act

The \________ and Morrill Land- Grant Act were passed by the federal government to attract settlers and develop the West.

William Boss

\________ "Tweed of Tammany Hall in New York City was a notorious political boss who embezzled millions of dollars through corruption.

Spain

\________ ceded the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam to the U.S. in the Treaty of Paris.

South Dakota

Statehood of North Dakota, \________, Washington, Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho was achieved by 1889.

Horizontal Integration

\________: combining smaller companies within the same industry to form a larger company through legal buyouts or illegal practices.

Sherman Antitrust Act

\________ of 1890: law forbidding "restraint of trade "combination, ambiguous wording leading to pro- business Supreme Court interpretation.

Fish Commission

\________ was established to protect fish species, which led to the creation of National Parks and Forest Services.

Industrialization

introduction of faster machines in manufacturing leading to economies of scale and decreased cost per unit

Assembly line production

employees performing repetitive tasks leading to increased efficiency but also dangerous working conditions and long working hours

Corporate Consolidation

large businesses resulting from economies of scale and lack of government regulations, leading to monopolies and holding companies

Horizontal Integration

combining smaller companies within the same industry to form a larger company through legal buyouts or illegal practices

Vertical Integration

one company buys out all the factors of production from raw materials to finished product, still allowing competition in the marketplace

Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890

law forbidding "restraint of trade" combination, ambiguous wording leading to pro-business Supreme Court interpretation

Booker T. Washington

Born into slavery, no illusions of white society accepting Blacks as eq