Bio Principles Lecture Exam 2

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Flatworm
- 3 germ layers

Phylum Nematoda

Roundworm

Phylum Annelida

Segmented worm

Phylum Chordata traits

1. Hollow dorsal nerve (becomes spinal cord)

2. Notochord

3. Pharyngeal slits

4. Post-anal tail

Xylem

Brings water and nutrients UP the roots

Phloem

Distributes sugar to all parts of the plant

Gymnosperm

Conifers

Angiosperm

Flowering plants with fleshy fruits

Taproot

1 large central root with many lateral hairs

Fibrous roots

Thin and highly branched roots

Stoma

Pores at the bottom of the leaf
- When they swell, they open and allow CO2 and Water to enter
- Allows O2 and water to leave

Sepal

Bottom leaf of a flower that covers the bud

Petal

Colorful part

Stamen

Male reproductive organ, filament and anther

Pistil

Female parts - Stigma, Style, Ovary (Top to bottom)

Epiphyte

A plant growing on another plant

Palisades cells

Cells underneath the waxy top of a leaf with chloroplast

What do plants do at night?

Respiration

Why do deciduous trees drop their leaves?

When plant realizes it’s winter, leaves are dropped because the water in the leaves would freeze

6 traits of domestication

1. Herbivory

2. Non-aggressive temperament

3. No panic

4. Social structure with dominance hierarchy

5. Fast growth rate

6. Captive breeding

Endoplasmic reticulum

Conveyor belt like organelle that manufactures everything

Rough ER

Has ribosomes that make it look rough
- Ribosomes make proteins

Smooth ER

No ribosomes make it look smooth
- Only makes lipids and steroids
- Detoxifies

Golgi apparatus

Packages, folds, and sends out protein

Mitochondria

ATP maker that has its own set of DNA