CAIE-IGCSE-ICT - Theory

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19 Terms

1

Hardware

The electronic, physical components that make up a typical computer system.

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2

Software

Programs that control the computer system and process data.

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3

Input Device

Any hardware that enables data entry into a computer.

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4

Output Device

A device that shows the result of the processed input.

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5

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

The component of the computer that understands and executes hardware and software operations.

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6

RAM (Random Access Memory)

Temporary memory storage that loses data after power is shut down.

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7

ROM (Read-Only Memory)

Permanent memory storage that can only be read from, storing configuration data.

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8

Operating System

Special software that enables a computer system to function and allows users to communicate with it.

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9

Binary Data

Data in the form of binary digits (0, 1) that computers can understand.

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10

ADC (Analogue to Digital Converter)

Hardware that converts analogue data into digital form.

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11

DAC (Digital to Analogue Converter)

Hardware that converts digital data back into analogue form.

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12

Utility Software

System software that provides necessary facilities, like antivirus and disk management tools.

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13

Application Software

Software that provides services allowing users to perform specific tasks.

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14

Microprocessor

A single integrated circuit that serves as the CPU in computers.

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15

Backing Storage

Storage that retains data permanently, even without power.

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16

Phablet

A hybrid between a smartphone and a tablet, larger than a smartphone but smaller than a tablet.

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17

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

A machine or application that carries out tasks requiring some degree of intelligence.

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18

Augmented Reality (AR)

A merger of the virtual and physical worlds, overlaying virtual objects on real ones.

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19

Virtual Reality (VR)

An entirely new world created digitally, requiring special equipment to experience.

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