U2 - IB Chem

what increases mp of a metal

more e-

non metal mp

low

macromolecules ex and mp

SiO2 and SiC, asbestos, metalloids very high mp

noble gases mp

very low (monoatomic)

What is produced when Alkali Metals react with water

metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas ( alkaline/basis solution )

metal oxides are….

basic

nonmetal oxides are…

acidic

metal oxides in water produce

bases ex MgO + H2O yields Mg(OH)2

P4 + O10 yields

H3PO4

P4O10 + 6H2O → 4H3PO4

P₄O₆ + 6H₂O

P₄O₆ + 6H₂O → 4H₃PO₃. 

SO3 + H2O

SO3 + H2O → H2SO4

SO2 + H2O

SO2 + H2O → H2SO3

• Cl2O7+H2O

• Cl2O7+H2O→2HClO4

Cl2O+H2O

• Cl2O+H2O→2HClO

amphoteric oxides

caj act as both a lewis acid and Lewis basee

ex of amphoteric oxide

Al2O3

color/state of:

F

Cl

Br

I

F - yellow gas

Cl = yellowi\sh green gas

Br - dark red liquid

I - purple solid

history of atom order

dalton

thomson

rutherford

bohr

da

dalton

smalles unit of an element

neither created nor destoyed

atoms of same element are alike

different elements are diff

atoms can be combines in small numbers to create molecules

thomson

cathode to conclude atoms contain electrons

model is soup of pos with e- (plum puddin)

rutherford

gold foil

aimed alpha particles at gold foil

deflected - repealed by dense pos nucleus

concluded atom is dense and has pos charge nucleus

bohr

post nucleus

neg charge e- cloud

atoms held together by electrostatic force between pos nucleus and neg surroundings

ring

acutal mass of a proton, neutron, ectrons

in data booklet

what does Z stand for

atomic number/nuclear charge

what does A stand for

mass #

notation for elements/ions

top left - mass number

bottom left - atomic #

how to chemical/physical properties of isotopes relate

same chemical properties (same # e-)

different physical properties (diff mass)

atomic mass definition

weighted average of all naturally occurring isotopes for an element

relative atomic mass units

nonewhat is

what is 1 amu measure equal to

1/12 of a carbon 12 atom

isoelectronic

same number e-

inert gases

nobles gases same

how to figure out metalloids

staircase not Al

how does nuclear charge change across period

same amt shielding

greater nuclear charge

so more effective nuclear charge

effectibve nuclear charge down group

increases e-, more shielding

same valence e-

so eff nuclear charge is the same

how to measure atomic radius

half the distance between the nuclei of neighboring atoms

electron affinity - exo or Endo? 2nd- Endo or exo

energy need to add 1 mole of e- to one mole of gaseous atoms to form a mol of gasous ions

1st exothermic

2nd endothermic - repulsion