senses

Senses

Body systems that detect stimuli and send information to the nervous system | Associations: receptors, neurons, brain, environment | Memory: Senses = body scanners

Stimuli

Changes in the internal or external environment that trigger a response | Associations: light, sound, temperature, chemicals | Memory: Stimuli = signals that start everything

Sense Receptors

Specialized cells that detect stimuli and convert them into nerve impulses | Associations: neurons, activation, sensory input | Memory: Receptors = receivers

Sensory Input

Information detected by receptors and sent to the brain | Associations: afferent neurons, CNS, perception | Memory: Input = information going IN

Transduction

Process of converting a stimulus into an electrical nerve signal | Associations: receptors, nerve impulse, activation | Memory: Transduction = translation

Nerve Impulse

Electrical signal that travels along a neuron | Associations: action potential, neurons, CNS | Memory: Impulse = information traveling

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain and spinal cord that process sensory information | Associations: integration, interpretation | Memory: CNS = control center

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Nerves that carry information to and from the CNS | Associations: sensory neurons, motor neurons | Memory: Peripheral = outside CNS

Sensory Neurons

Neurons that carry sensory information from receptors to the CNS | Associations: afferent, input, spinal cord | Memory: Sensory = sent to brain

Afferent Neurons

Neurons that carry impulses toward the CNS | Associations: sensory neurons, incoming | Memory: Afferent = ARRIVES

Vision (Sight)

Sense that detects light and allows perception of images | Associations: eyes, retina, optic nerve | Memory: Vision = visible

Photoreceptors

Receptors that detect light | Associations: rods, cones, retina | Memory: Photo = light

Hearing (Audition)

Sense that detects sound vibrations | Associations: ears, cochlea, sound waves | Memory: Audio = hearing

Mechanoreceptors

Receptors that respond to pressure and vibration | Associations: touch, hearing, movement | Memory: Mech = mechanical force

Smell (Olfaction)

Sense that detects airborne chemicals | Associations: nose, olfactory bulb | Memory: Olfactory = odors

Chemoreceptors

Receptors that detect chemicals | Associations: smell, taste | Memory: Chemo = chemicals

Taste (Gustation)

Sense that detects dissolved chemicals in food | Associations: tongue, taste buds | Memory: Gustation = gulp

Touch

Sense that detects pressure, temperature, pain, and texture | Associations: skin, nerve endings | Memory: Touch = total skin sense

Thermoreceptors

Receptors that detect temperature | Associations: heat, cold, skin | Memory: Thermo = temperature

Nociceptors

Receptors that detect pain | Associations: injury, damage | Memory: Noci = noxious (pain)

Perception

Brain’s interpretation of sensory information | Associations: CNS, awareness | Memory: Perception = understanding

Adaptation

Decrease in response to a constant stimulus over time | Associations: receptors, reduced sensitivity | Memory: Adapt = get used to it