ENG1D - exam

symbol

represents or stands for something else, especially a material object representing something abstract

examples of symbol (RnJ, TA)

RnJ - __potion__; represents death that’s to come if anyone drinks it

\- __fire__; represents overwhelming passion

TA - __butterfly__; represents good omens

simile

comparison between two words using the words “like” or “as”

\- fat ==like== a pig

\- clean ==like== bleach

metaphor

comparison of two things by saying one is like the other

\-I’m feeling blue

\-the icing on the cake

personification

words that describe objects, animals, livings, or non-livings in human characteristics

\-the shoelaces look ==sad==

\-the alarms ==yell== to wake me up

allusion

an indirect reference depending on prior knowledge to understand

\-she felt like she had the golden ticket → charlie and the chocolate factory

repetition

words that repeat one after the other to give dramatic effect

\-Michelle was ==running==, ==running==, and ==running== until she reached the top

anaphora

repetition of words or phrases in a group of sentences, clauses, or poetic lines

\-==go== big or ==go== home

\-==get busy== living or ==get busy== dying

\-==you’re damned if you== do, and ==you’re damned if you== don’t

dramatic irony

when the audience knows something before the characters in the story do

\- when Juliet drank the potion and was dying upstairs, all while her family was happily preparing her wedding downstairs

situational irony

the outcome of a situation is different than expected

\- “Social media is such a waste of time” but then you proceed to go on it for the next 2 hours

verbal irony

when a characters words oppose what they’re feeling

\- *Random musty smell*, “What is that wonderful smell!!”

hyperbole

exaggeration of words

\- “Michelle is turning my world upside down”

pun

play-on words that have an identical sound, often for humor

\- “I have a __split personality__” said **Tom**, being **frank**

oxymoron

a combo of contradicting words (meant to add irony)

\-Old News

\-Pretty Ugly

imagery

when the writer uses descriptive language that helps awake the reader’s 5 senses

\-The crystal blue ocean

\-Shining wax covers the crimson apple

\-Smell the bitter-sweet

alliteration

words that start with the same letter

\- ==T==ed ==T==alk

\- ==D==oor ==D==ash

\- ==C==oca ==C==ola

foreshadowing

when text hints or gives clues to upcoming events further in the story

\-When Juliet “dies” from the potion, it foreshadows when she’ll actually die

onomatopoeia

verbal sound effects, anything that mimics a noise or sound

\-Achoo!

\-Chirp

\-Sizzle

\-Snap

allegory

a story, poem, or picture, that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one

==\*kind of like a symbol==

\-Animal Farm (story)

theme

overall idea and topic of a story

\-fate vs destiny (RnJ, TA)

\-personal legends (TA)

\-love vs hate (RnJ)

\-haste/impulsive decisions (RnJ)

first person POV

narrator addresses themself using (I, me, my, etc.)

\-I need to study

\-I hate myself

\-My cereal fell

omniscient POV

narrator knows the thoughts of all characters

\- “Waiting for her around the corner was the killer, looking for his 10th victim.'“

limited omniscient POV

narrator only knows the thoughts of the main character

\- “Anna took one more look at Michelle before running off with her beloved pet duck.”

objective POV

narrator doesn’t know character’s thoughts, and instead describes their actions/what’s seen

\- “Angelina dropped her rabbit’s food, but Callie picked it up and ate it”

person vs self

character is conflicted with their own feelings or have 2 opposing goals

\-When Juliet believes her relationship with Romeo is rash, and unadvised, but still follows through with it

\
\-When Santiago doubts himself to go on this journey because he thinks he’s not good enough

person vs person

main character’s goal is obstructed by another character (or multiple), can result in an argument or physical confrontation

\-Romeo and Tybalt hate each other and Tybalt ends losing a fight against him (he dies)

\
\-Santiago and the different people he encounters in the desert (tribesmen, refugees)

person vs society

protagonist or group fighting injustices within society or others in general

\-Romeo and Juliet fighting against their families to be with each other

person vs nature

protagonist is hindered by or fights against natural forces the weather, or animals

\-Santiago has to fight the harsh weather and winds of the desert

flat character

a character described with only one or two personality traits

\-The crystal merchant, King, Englishman, Fatima

\
\-Friar Lawrence, Mercutio, Benvolio, the Nurse, Lady Capulet, Capulet

round character

a character with depth or a complex personality, many details about the character are communicated

\-Santiago

\-Romeo and Juliet

\-usually the lead characters

static character

a character who remains the same throughout the story, no major changes to their personality

\-USUALLY the side characters that are close to the main characters (flat characters for example)

\
\-Romeo, main character, but static since no change of mindset led him to dying

dynamic character

these characters undergo some type of change or development in the story, often because of something that happens them

\-Santiago

\-Juliet

exposition

The start of a story. It outlines the situation, characters and details before the action starts

==TA== - In his ordinary world, Santiago met the gypsy woman and old man before starting his journey

\
==RnJ== - the fight in the streets of Verona; Romeo is sad and heartbroken

rising action

the series of conflicts and crisis in the story that lead to the climax

==TA== - Santiago makes a series of material sacrifices in order to pursue his personal legend to reach the Pyramids

\
==RnJ== - The meeting of Juliet that led to the marriage

climax

This is the most intense moment in either description or action. It’s often the turning point. The reader is left wondering what will happen next.

==The Alchemist:==

* Santiago struggles to turn himself into the wind while being held by warring tribesmen in the Sahara Desert.


==Romeo and Juliet:==

* Fight on the very hot day between Tybalt and Mercutio that led to the banishment of Romeo.

falling action

The conflict and crisis from the rising action begin to get solved.

==The Alchemist:==

* Santiago arrives at the pyramids, but in a twist, he must go back to Spain as he learns that his treasure was buried in an abandoned church by a sycamore tree where he started his journey.

==Romeo and Juliet:==

* The fight between Juliet and her parents.
* finding out she will be married that led to the making of the plans.

resolution

The untangling of events in the story; the conclusion.

==-it answers remaining questions left by the audience.==

\n

==The Alchemist:==

* When Santiago finds his treasure and remembers all the lessons he has learned.

==Romeo and Juliet:==

* The result of Friar lawrencess’ plans.
* The spiritual resolution would be that Romeo and Juliet are now together in death.

setting

Places the story takes place (environment, time, place)

==The Alchemist:==

* Spain, Andalusia
* The Village in Andalusia, Spain
* The Port in Tangiers (Africa)
* The Crystal Merchant Shop
* The Oasis (Sahara Desert)
* The Egyptian Pyramids

==Romeo and Juliet:==

* Verona, Italy
* Mantua, Italy

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