Plant and Human Biology Exam Questions

bulbs

A short section of an underground stem encased by overlapping layers of thickened, modified leaves (scales).

cladodes

A photosynthetic stem that stores water and is found in succulent plants in the desert.

sclereids

Types of cells that give pear flesh a gritty texture and make seed coats hard.

xylem

Transports water and dissolved mineral ions to photosynthetic cells.

phloem

Transports products of photosynthesis (sugars) away from photosynthetic cells.

vascular tissue in the stems arranged in a ring

Characteristic of dicots, not monocots.

small, green, and odorless

Typical characteristics of wind-pollinated flowers.

eight

Number of haploid nuclei resulting from three rounds of mitosis with no cytoplasmic division in the megaspore.

nutrition

Primary function of the endosperm.

False

Pollination syndromes are not a type of parasitic relationship where the plant benefits and the host is harmed.

beetles and flies

Pollinators of foul-smelling flowers.

thin

Most leaves are characterized by being thin with a high surface area to volume ratio.

petiole

The short stalk that attaches the eudicot leaf to the stem.

are alive at maturity

Characteristic that is not true for sclerenchyma cells.

secondary xylem

Type of cell that makes the wood found in a tree trunk.

False

A potato is not a type of modified root.

anther only

The male part of a flower.

animals

Most likely agents for spreading the seeds of fleshy fruits.

seed

A mature ovule that includes the embryo sporophyte, its reserves of food, and the seed coat.

blackberry

An example of an aggregate fruit.

bats

Type of pollinator attracted by large, light-colored, night-fragranced flowers.

statoliths

Organelles that settle on the bottom of gravity-sensing cells.

abscisic acid

Hormone that increases due to temperature extremes, lack of water, and other environmental stresses.

gravitropism

Tropism explained by the Statolith Hypothesis.

proteinase inhibitors

Substances found in potatoes and tobacco that block enzymes in the mouths and stomachs of herbivores.

diaphragm muscle

Divides the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

stratified squamous

Type of epithelium primarily composed of human skin.

dense connective tissue

Material that tendons and ligaments are made of.

connective

Tissue characterized by an extracellular matrix.

Memory cells

Cells held in reserve for a rapid response to subsequent intruders of the same type.

The viruses mutate

Challenge in creating vaccines against viruses like the flu and HIV.

Because the viruses mutate and change their epitopes

Viruses mutate and change their epitopes

Mast cells

What innate immunity cell releases histamines that increase blood flow to a wound area?

Smallpox

Edward Jenner developed the first vaccine for which disease?

IgE antibodies

Which antibodies stay attached to the B cell's plasma membrane and play a role in allergies and asthma? Answer: IgE

True

The coronavirus COVID-19 caused a viral pandemic because our immune system had no memory of this virus.

True

When your body is exposed to an antigen, the secondary immune response is larger and faster than the primary immune response.

Lymphocytes formation

All lymphocytes are formed, matured, and activated in the same place in the human body. Answer: False

Temperature of the affected area drops

Four of the five answers listed below are events of the inflammatory response.

Dendritic cells

Which cells display digested viral cell fragments (antigen peptide fragments) on their surface that are presented to activate other cells? Answer: Dendritic cells

Vaccination

Four of the five problems listed below show too much immune response. Select the exception.

Immunological memory

Vaccination leads to ____.

Autoimmune disease

What best describes an inappropriate immune response to normal body tissues, where a molecule belonging to the host is treated like an antigen and triggers an immune response?

Answer: False

The hygiene hypothesis states that autoimmune and allergic responses occur in individuals who have experienced the highest exposure to pathogens and parasites. Answer: False

Nonself molecules on pathogenic microorganisms

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are ___.

Lymphocytes production location

Where are lymphocytes in the adaptive immune system produced? Answer: Bone marrow

Intrauterine device (IUD)

What is the most effective contraceptive approach of those listed below?

Penis

What structure does blood flow into during sexual excitation of a male?

Yolk

What is the thick fluid, rich in proteins and lipids, that is deposited in an animal's egg during its formation? Answer: Yolk

A ruptured follicle after ovulation

The corpus luteum forms from ____.

Vasectomy effect

If the vas deferens tubes are cut and tied (vasectomy), the semen will not contain ____. Answer: Sperm

Oviduct

The first several cleavages after fertilization occur in the ____.

Semen contribution exception

Four of the five answers listed below contribute to semen. Select the exception. Answer: Seminiferous tubule

Progesterone and estrogens

The corpus luteum is responsible for producing which hormone(s)?

Oviduct

Fertilization normally occurs in the ____.

Anterior pituitary

FSH and LH are secreted by the ____.

It provides enzymes that digest the layer of proteins that surrounds the oocyte.

What is the role of the acrosome cap on a sperm's head?

Oviduct

The passageway that transports oocytes from the ovary into the uterus is known as the ____.

Testes

Sperm are produced in the ____.

Chlamydia and gonorrhea

Which sexually transmitted disease(s) (STD) can be successfully cured with antibiotics?