(12) Positions of tongue, teeth, and lips producing various speech sounds

What are bilabial consonants?

p, b, m

What is required for bilabial sounds?

Complete closure of the lips

Give examples of bilabial sounds.

p (pie), b (boy), m (mom)

What can happen if teeth do not support the lips during bilabial sounds?

Loss of air pressure

What are labiodental consonants?

f, v

How are labiodental sounds produced?

Contact between the incisal edges of the maxillary incisors and the lower lip

What happens when incisors are too short?

A v sound may sound like an f

What happens when incisors are too long?

An f sound may sound like a v

What do linguodental consonants include?

Voiced and unvoiced th sounds

How are linguodental sounds produced?

The tip of the tongue projects between the maxillary and mandibular incisors

How much of the tongue tip should be visible during 'th' sounds?

Approximately 3 mm

What does it indicate if more than 3 mm of the tongue is visible during 'th' sounds?

Teeth may be positioned too palatally

What are lingual-alveolar consonants?

t, d, s, z, l, n

How are lingual-alveolar sounds produced?

Contact between the tongue and the maxillary alveolar ridge

What happens if anterior teeth are positioned too far anteriorly?

A d sound may sound like a t

What happens if anterior teeth are positioned too far palatally?

A t sound may sound like a d

What can occur during the production of s or z with excessive horizontal overlap of the incisors?

A lisp

What may cause a whistle during s sounds?

Too little overlap of the incisors

What are lingual-velar consonants?

k, g, ng

How are lingual-velar sounds produced?

The back of the tongue contacts the soft palate

Where is the contact area for lingual-velar sounds?

Near the maxillary second molars and the velar region

What should happen when producing 'f' and 'v' sounds?

Maxillary incisors should contact the center of the lower lip

What is the closest speaking space?

Occurs during production of sibilant sounds such as 's'

What is the approximate distance of the closest speaking space between the anterior teeth?

1-3 mm