chemistry - extracting metals & equilibria: reversible reactions & equilibria (4.13 - 4.17)

4.13 are chemical reactions reversible/irreversible?

reversible

4.13 reversible reaction symbol

⇌

4.13 how can direction (forward/backward) of some reversible reactions be altered?

by changing reaction conditions

4.14 dynamic equilibrium

forward & backward reactions still occurring - reactions still occurring (dynamic)

% of reactants & products no longer changing - substances in balance (equilibrium)

4.15 formation of ammonia

reversible reaction between nitrogen (from air) & hydrogen (from natural gas)

can reach dynamic equilibrium

4.16 conditions for Haber process

temp. 450°C

pressure 200 atmospheres

iron catalyst

what does equilibrium position shift to do?

shifts to oppose changes to system

4.17 change in temperature effect on position of dynamic equilibrium

4.17 change in pressure effect on position of dynamic equilibrium

4.17 change in concentration effect on position of dynamic equilibrium