AP Psychology - Unit 5 Disorders

Anxiety Disorders

Disorders that cause abnormally high stress levels and excessive worry, as well as maladaptive behaviors to deal with stress.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

When one is constantly tense, apprehensive, and in a state of constant autonomic system arousal.

Panic Disorder

Characterized by frequent, intense, and unexpected episodes of panic. These are marked by the feeling of losing control, discomfort, and extreme fear.

Phobias

The persistence of fear/avoidance in relation to a certain object or event. Can be incapacitating and irrational.

Social-Anxiety Disorder

The extreme fear of being judged/criticized in social situations. Often marked by hopelessness, the feeling of being watched, avoidance, and hypervigila

PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder)

Marked by haunting memories/nightmares, avoidance, insomnia, and anxiety following traumatic events.

OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)

Marked by unwanted, repetitive thoughts (obsessions) or actions (compulsions).

Hoarding Disorder

The refusal/avoidance of throwing away items, regardless of their worth or sentimentality to the person. One feels as though they need to save them and experiences distress upon discarding items.

Major Depressive Disorder

Marked by feelings of sadness, emptiness, difficulties surrounding everyday tasks, loss of appetite, excessive feelings of guilt, and suicidal thoughts/plans. Typically, symptoms are diagnosed only when they persist for at least 2 weeks, are of sudden onset, and affect daily life.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

Marked by feelings of hopelessness, excessive sleeping, eating too much/little, fatigue, poor concentration, and low self-esteem. Often a long-term condition, and is diagnosed after symptoms are present after 2 years, appearing almost every single day.

Bipolar Disorder

When one’s mood switches between a state of mania and depression. Manic states are characterized by feelings of higher self-esteem, happiness, reduced needed of sleep, racing thoughts, and overindulgence in risky behavior. Depressive states are marked by pervasive and insistent low moods, low self-esteem, and a loss of interest/pleasure in doing something normally enjoyable.

Bipolar l

More intense states of mania.

Bipolar ll

More mood fluctuations and depressive states.

Schizophrenia

A disorder marked by states of delusion, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, delusions of persecution, delusions of grandeur, and more paranoid-type symptoms.

Flat Effect (Schizophrenia)

A lack of emotional response.

Catatonic Stupor (Schizophrenia)

A lack of physical movement.

DID (Dissociative Identity Disorder)

When one has two or more distinct personalities within oneself. Often, these personalities are formed following traumatic events during childhood and act as a kind of barrier against harmful situations to protect one’s mental health.

Dissociative Fugue

An event when one with memory loss wanders off. This leads to the person with no memory or recollection of how they got there.

Dissociative Amnesia

When one experiences a loss/impairment in their memory.

Anterograde Amnesia

When one cannot create new memories.

Retrograde Amnesia

When one cannot access old memories.

Organic Amnesia

Amnesia caused by something physical, such as trauma to the head.

Functional Amnesia

Amnesia caused by something mental, such as dementia.

Anorexia

A form of self-starvation in order to lose weight.

Bulimia

When one partakes in a large quantity of food (binging) and then purges the food in order to maintain a specific body weight.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Marked by a grandiose sense of self-importance, seeking excessive admiration from those around you, fantasizing about unlimited success/power, and the belief that you are special, unique, or superior to others.

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Characterized by irrational suspicions and a mistrust of others.

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Marked by social inhibitions, feelings of inadequacy, extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation, and exaggerated emotions.

Antisocial Personality Disorder (Sociopathy)

A mental disorder wherein one does not care for right and wrong, shows no empathy towards others, antagonizes, manipulates, and treats others cruelly. These people also tend to not show guilt or remorse for their behavior.

Insomnia

A sleep disorder characterized by an inability to fall asleep, a lack of sleep, and non-restful sleep.

Apnea

A sleep disorder characterized by the stoppage of breathing during rest.

Narcolepsy

A sleep disorder characterized by an excess of daytime sleepiness.

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD/ADD)

A disorder marked by excessive inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A disorder marked on a spectrum according to the severity of the symptoms experienced such as, limitations in communications/social interactions, repetitive behavior, and fixed interests.

Insanity

A legal term used to describe someone who is unable to be responsible for an action due to their condition.

Atypical

Being different from the “norm” in one’s society or culture.