Morphology + lexicology

Morpheme

Smallest written unit that has meaning as a whole

Free morpheme

Morpheme that can stand alone as a word

Bound morpheme

Morpheme that cannot stand independently

Inflectional bound morpheme

Provide additional grammatical information (plurality, possesion or tense)

Derivational bound morpheme

Change the meaning or class of a word

Affix

Morpheme added to a word

Prefix

Morpheme added to the beggining of a word

Infix

Morpheme added to the middle of a word

Suffix

Morpheme added to the end of a word

Affixation in AusE

AusE is charcterised by the playful use of language with affixation

Noun

Words that name people, places or things

Common nouns

General terms

Concrete nouns

Touchable things

Abstract nouns

Ideas, concepts and emotions

Proper nouns

Name spefic things

Collective nouns

Names for groups of things

Adjectives

Define or modify nouns

Adverbs

Modify verbs, adjectives or adverbs

Verbs

Denote actions, processes and states

Auxillary verbs

Modify or change an aspect of a verb

Modal verbs

Notions of abilitilty, permission, liklehood and obligation

Determiners

Introduce noun phrases and function as modifiers

Pronouns

Short words which can replace nouns

Prepositions

Shoe the relationship between nouns and other words

Interjections

Express a strong/sudden emotion/feeling

Conjunctions

Words that connect other words

Coordinating conjunctions

Words that can link words, phrases and clauses

Subordinating conjunctions

Words that join subordinating clauses to main clauses

Functional words

Words that exist to perform a job

Content words

Words that carry meaning

Neologisms

New words

Blends

Words produced by using parts of 2 words to create a new one

Initialisms

Made up of the beginning letters in a sequence of words - pronounced as a set of letters

Acronyms

Made up of the beginning letters in a sequence of words - pronounced as a word

Shortenings

Dropping parts of words to create a shorter version of a word

Compounding

Putting 2 free morphemes together

Conversion

Converting words from one word class to another

Contractions

Blend of words with letters dropped

Collocations

Words associated with phrases

Borrowing

Words borrowed from the vocabulary of another language

Commonisation

Commonisation of proper nouns

Archaism

Words no longer used in everyday life

Elevation

Word gains positive meaning

Deterioration

Word gains negative meaning