FLVS English 2 Semester 2

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Hasty Generalization Fallacy

Conclusion that is based on insufficient evidence or a sample of people that is too small. This is often linked to stereotypes and prejudices.

Post Hoc Fallacy

Assumption that because B comes after A, A caused B. Translation means "after this, therefore, because of this." It is also called "false cause."

Hasty Generalization Fallacy

Conclusion that is based on insufficient evidence or a sample of people that is too small. This is often linked to stereotypes and prejudices.

Post Hoc Fallacy

Assumption that because B comes after A, A caused B. Translation means "after this, therefore, because of this." It is also called "false cause."

Slippery Slope Fallacy

Claim that if a particular action is taken it will inevitably lead to an undesirable event, which will lead to another undesirable event or series of events.

Fear Fallacy

Usage of fear in persuasion to create support for the claim.

Popularity Fallacy

Claim that something is true because most people accept the claim or agree with the position. This takes advantage of people's desire to be part of the majority.

Ethos

Appeal to character, responsible research, and credibility including a sense of right and wrong.

Pathos

Appeal to emotion with stories, imagery, and connotative words arousing anger, fear, joy, sadness, or happiness to persuade the audience.

Logos

Appeal to logic with evidence, examples, statistics, and research to convince a person of the validity of your position.

Non-fiction

Prose writing that is based on facts, real events, and real people, such as biography or history.

Fiction

Literary work based on the imagination or imaginary characters and events but not necessarily on fact.

Essay

Non-fictional account of a writer's experience or beliefs.

Naturalism

Study of nature as a way to connect all things in the world and human beings are also part of nature and should be studied as they interact with their natural surroundings.

Romanticism

Beautiful depiction of nature as an optimistic symbol for human life and events that becomes a safe place for human beings to explore their spiritual foundations.

Diction

Choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing.

Syntax

Arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.

Tone

Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character.

Mood

Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader.

Rhetorical Devices

Writing techniques used to enhance arguments and communicate more effectively.

Main Idea

Author's central thought or chief topic of a text that is expressed or implied.

Direct Quotation

Exact repetition of someone's written or spoken words.

Paraphrase

Restatement of an author's ideas in other words.

Summary

Brief statement of the main events of a writing or a story.

Opinion

Personal view, attitude, or appraisal.

Thesis Statement

Statement, usually one sentence, that summarizes the main point or claim of an essay, research paper that is developed, supported, and explained in the text with examples and evidence.

Bridging Sentences

Denotation

Dictionary definition of a word

Connotation

Meaning, association, or emotion that a word suggests.

Hook

First sentence in an essay that is designed to grab the reader's attention.

Synonym

Word that has the same meaning as another word.

Antonym

Word that has the opposite in meaning to another word.

Bias

Preference or point of view that is personal, rather than scientific.

Credibility

Quality of being believable or trustworthy

Fallacy

False notion or belief, or an error in thinking.

Textual Evidence

Quotations, summaries, or paraphrases from text passages that supports a position.

Argument Essay

Persuasive writing that appeals to reason instead of emotion to convince an audience.

Persuasive Essay

Writing that relies more on emotional appeals than on facts.

Plagiarism

Taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

Analysis Essay

Writing that shows how the parts of something work together.

Cause & Effect Essay

Writing that claims one thing results from another, often used as part of a logical argument.

Refute

To prove incorrect or false.

Inquisitive

Curious or showing curiosity.

Plaintive

Expressive of sorrow, woe, or melancholy

Commiserate

Sympathize with, have pity or sorrow for, or share a feeling of distress.

Complacency

Self-satisfaction or smugness.

Dogma

Firmly held opinion or belief that is often religious.

Renowned

Well-known, famous, or celebrated.

Detract

Take away from or reduce in value and/or reputation.

Scrutiny

Critical observation or examination.

Incisive

Direct and powerful, or sharply cutting;.

Ambiguous

Unclear or doubtful in meaning. May be open to more than one interpretation.

Frugal

Economical, avoiding waste and luxury, thrifty, or cheap.

Colon Usage

Written after a complete sentence to introduce a list of items when introductory words.

Semicolon Usage

Written to separate two independent clauses or sentences that have associated meanings.

Turmoil

Great commotion and confusion

Implicit

Implied but not clearly or plainly expressed.

Explicit

Clearly stated, shown, or expressed.

Claim

Writer's position on an issue or problem.

Counterclaim

Position taken with an opposing viewpoint.

Context Clues

Words or phrases surrounding an unknown word that help the reader determine it's meaning.

Complex Sentence

Sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

Compound Sentence

Sentence with two or more independent clauses and often joined by one or more conjunctions.

Simple Sentence

Sentence consisting of one independent clause and no dependent clause.

Compound-Complex Sentence

Sentence having two or more coordinate independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.