chemistry 4.3 - halogens

What is the colour and state at room temperature of fluorine?

Pale yellow, gas

What is the colour and state at room temperature of chlorine?

Green, gas

What is the colour and state at room temperature of bromine?

Red - brown, liquid

What is the colour and state at room temperature of iodine?

Grey, solid

Why does electronegativity increase up group 7?

The atomic radius decreases so the atomic attraction is felt more

Why does volatility decrease (melting + boiling point increases) down the group?

The diatomic molecules attracted to each other by London dispersion forces which are stronger as the number of electrons increases as there are greater instantaneous dipole - induced dipole forces

Why do halogens have low solubility in water?

Hydrogen bonds in water stronger than London forces

Why do they dissolve in non polar solvents?

They both contain London forces

What is the colour of chlorine in water compared to in hexane?

Water = virtually colourless, hexane = virtually colourless layer on top of solution

What is the colour of bromine in water compared to in hexane?

Water = yellow/orange, hexane = orange/red layer on top of solution

What is the colour of iodine in water compared to in hexane?

Water = brown, hexane = pink/violet layer on top of solution

Are halogen oxidising or reducing agents?

Oxidising as take in electrons

Why does relativity decrease down group 7?

The Atoms become larger so the outer electros are further from the nucleus and are shielded from more inner electrons = nuclear attraction is weaker so it is harder to attract electrons to make an ion

What can displace what in relation to halogens

The more reactive can replace the less

I terms of oxidation and reduction what happens when something is displaced and something displaces something else?

Displacing something is reduction, something being displaces is oxidation

What can be seen is bromide or iodide are displaces?

Bromine (orange) or iodine (brown) formed

What happens if you shake an organic solvent and halogen?

The halogen will dissolve and settle as a distinct layer above aqueous solution