12 AP Vocab: Terms 91-120

Gothic

Narrative which combines a desolate setting and mysterious events to create an atmosphere of terror

Grotesque

An element of gothic Romanticism in which bizarre, fantastically ugly or absurd elements are important to the overall effect

Homily

Generally means a sermon; can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice

Hyperbole

Exaggeration to create an effect, to accomplish a particular purpose, or to reveal an attitude

Imagery

Diction describing the five senses to convey tone, purpose, and effect

Induction

The process of reasoning from a part to a whole or from the general to the particular

Inference

A reasonable conclusion drawn from the information presented

Internal rhyme

Rhyme that occurs within a line of poetry

Invective

An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language

Inverted order

Reversing the usual subject-verb-complement order, often used in poetry to conform to rhyme and rhythm patterns in poetry or for effect in prose

Irony, dramatic

The discrepancy between what a character in a play thinks and what the audience knows to be true

Irony, situational

The discrepancy between what happens and what is expected to happen

Irony, verbal

The discrepancy between what is said and what is meant (Sarcasm)

Juxtaposition

Placing two persons, places, or things next to each other to create an effect, reveal an attitude, or accomplish a purpose

Language, Connotative

Meanings or associations readers have with a word or an item beyond its dictionary definition. Connotations may reveal another layer of meaning of a piece, affect the tone, or suggest symbolic resonance.

Language, Denotative

The dictionary definition of a word

Litotes

Understatement in which the negative of an antonym is used to achieve emphasis and intensity

Local color

Detailed representation in fiction of the dialect, dress, climate, manners, customs, etc. of a certain area

Logical fallacies

Errors in reasoning which render an argument invalid

Logical fallacy, Ad hominem

an argument that appeals to emotion rather than reason or intellect

Logical fallacy, Ad populum

The misconception that a widespread occurrence of something makes it true or correct

Logical fallacy, Begging the Question

Taking for granted something that really needs proving

Logical fallacy, Circular Reasoning

Trying to prove one another idea with another idea that is too similar to the first

Logical fallacy, Either/Or Reasoning

Seeing an issue as only having two sides

Logical fallacy, Hasty Generalization

Drawing a premature conclusion on the basis of insufficient evidence

Logical fallacy, Non-sequitur

An inference or conclusion that does not follow from an established premise or evidence

Logical fallacy, Pedantry

A display of narrow-minded and trivial scholarship; an arbitrary adherence to rules and forms

Logical fallacy, Post Hoc, ergo Propter Hoc

Assuming that the incident that precedes an incident is the cause of the second incident (literally, "After this, therefore because of this")

Logical fallacy, Propaganda

Writing that advocates a certain doctrine as the solution to a social or political problem

Loose sentence

A sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses to create an informal, relaxed, and conversational tone.