cell

Cell

The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.

Robert Hooke

The scientist who first introduced the concept of cells in 1665.

Cell Theory

A theory stating that all living organisms are made up of cells, and new cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Unicellular Organisms

Organisms that consist of a single cell.

Multicellular Organisms

Organisms composed of many cells, starting life as a single fertilized egg cell.

Microscope

An instrument used to magnify small objects, enabling the study of cells.

Compound Microscope

A microscope that uses multiple lenses to magnify objects.

Electron Microscope

A microscope that uses beams of electrons for higher magnification and resolution.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell that contains genetic material (DNA).

Mitochondria

Organelles known as the powerhouses of the cell, producing energy through respiration.

Cell Membrane

A thin barrier that surrounds the cell, controlling the entry and exit of substances.

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like fluid inside the cell where chemical reactions occur.

Cell Division

The process through which a cell divides to form new cells, essential for growth and repair.

Cell Organelles

Specialized structures within the cell that perform specific functions.

Ribosomes

Sites within cells for protein synthesis.

Plant Cells

Cells with a cell wall, large central vacuole, and plastids.

Animal Cells

Cells without a cell wall, with small vacuoles and irregular shape.

Vacuoles

Sac-like structures in cells that store substances; larger in plant cells.

Chloroplasts

Plastids in plant cells that are involved in photosynthesis.

Cell Shape

The diverse forms cells can take, often related to their functions.

Cellular Respiration

A metabolic process that converts glucose into energy (ATP) for cellular functions.