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What findings would you see on a CXR of a patient with cardiomegaly?
Enlarged cardiac silhouette, cardiothoracic ratio >0.5
What is the benefit of using an echocardiography on a patient with cardiomegaly?
Provides detailed assessment of chamber sizes and function
What information can be given with CT/MRI for a patient with cardiomegaly?
detailed anatomical and functional information
What findings would you see on a CXR for a patient with early CHF?
redistribution of pulmonary vasculature, cardiomegaly
What findings would you see on a CXR for patient with Moderate CHF?
Kerley B lines, interstitial edema
What findings would you see on a CXR for a patient with CHF?
Alveolar edema, bat wing pattern, pleural effusions
What is the benefit of doing an echocardiography on a patient with CHF?
Evaluates ejection fraction, wall motion abnormalities
What findings might you see on a patient with left atrial enlargement?
Double density sign, splaying of carina
What findings might you see on a patient with right atrial enlargement?
Prominent right heart border
What findings might you see on a patient with left ventricular enlargement?
Downward displacement of the apex
What findings might you see on a patient with right ventricular enlargment?
Filling of retrosternal space
What is the gold standard for assessing chamber sizes?
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Which type of echocardiography for endocarditis is the initial evaluation?
Transthoracic (TTE)
Which type of echocardiography for endocarditis is more sensitive for detecting vegetations, asbcesses?
Transesophageal (TEE)
What type of imaging for endocarditis is used for complications like abscesses or embolic events?
CT/MRI
What findings might you see on an xray for a patient with pericardial effusion?
Enlarged cardiac silhouette, “water bottle” appearance
What type of imaging for pericardial effusion is the primary tool for diagnosis, assesses size and hemodyamic impact?
Echocardiography
What findings may you see on a CXR for a patient with congenital cardiac disease?
abnormal cardiac silhouette, pulmonary vascular markings
What is echocardiography used for in congenital cardiac diease?
primary tool for diagnosis and follow up
What type of imaging is used for detailed anatomical assessment (especially complex defects) in congenital cardiac disease?
CT/MRI
How is cardiac catheterization used for congenital cardiac disease?
Hemodynamic assessment and interventional planning
What findings may you see on a CXR for a patient with pulmonary embolism?
Often normal, may show atelectasis, pleural effusion or Westermark sign
What is the gold standard for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism showing filling defects in pulmonary arteries?
CTPA- CT pulmonary angiography
What is used when CTPA is contraindicated, showing mismatch between ventilation and perfusion?
V/Q scan
What type of imaging for pulmonary embolism assesses right heart strain in massive PE?
Echocardiography
What findings may you see on a CXR on a patient with coronary artery disease?
may show cardiomegaly, signs of heart failure
What is the gold standard for diagnosis of CAD and shows luminal narrowing?
Coronary angiography
What is used for non invasive assessment of coronary arteries for CAD?
CT coronary angiography
What is used to assess wall motion abnormalities and ejection fraction for CAD?
Echocardiography
What helps identify ischemia and evaluates functional significance of lesions in CAD?
Stress testing (w/ imaging)
What are the causes and symptoms of CHF?
causes: CAD, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease
symptoms: SOB, fatigue, swollen legs, rapid heartbeat
What are the causes of chamber enlargement?
Hypertension, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease
What are the causes and symptoms of Endocarditis?
causes: bacterial infection (strep, staph), fungal infection
symptoms: fever, heart murmur, blood in urine, petechiae
What are the causes and symptoms of pericardial effusion?
causes: infections, inflammatory diseases, trauma, cancer
symptoms: chest pain, SOB, low blood pressure
What are the types and symptoms for congenital cardiac disease?
types: atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, coarctation of the aorta
symptoms: cyanosis, SOB, fatigue, poor growth
What are the causes and symptoms of pulmonary embolism?
causes: DVT, prolonged immobility, surgery, cancer
symptoms: sudden SOB, chest pain, cough, rapid heartbeat
What are the causes and symptoms of CAD?
causes: atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking
symptoms: chest pain, SOB, heart attack
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