Exploring Data Concepts

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to exploring data, including definitions and important statistical measures.

Outlier

Any value that falls more than 1.5 times the interquartile range (IQR) above Q3 or below Q1.

Standard Deviation (SD)

A measure that gives the typical distance that the values are away from the mean.

Interquartile Range (IQR)

The difference between the third and first quartiles: Q3 - Q1.

Five-Number Summary

A summary that provides information about the minimum, first quartile (Q1), median, third quartile (Q3), and maximum.

Least Squares Regression Line (LSRL)

The line that minimizes the sum of the squares of the vertical distances of the points from the line.

Correlation (r)

Measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two quantitative variables, ranging from -1 to 1.

Coefficient of Determination

The percentage of variation in the dependent variable that is explained by the independent variable in a regression model.

Categorical Variable

A variable that takes on category names or group labels.

Quantitative Variable

A variable that takes on numerical values representing a counted or measured quantity.

Discrete Variable

A variable that can take on a countable number of values.

Continuous Variable

A variable that can take on infinitely many values that cannot be counted.

Skewed Distribution

A distribution that is not symmetrical and leans towards one side, either left or right.

Lower Outlier

An outlier that falls below Q1 - 1.5(IQR).

Upper Outlier

An outlier that exceeds Q3 + 1.5(IQR).