CHEMICAL TESTS
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8 Terms
alkene
add orange bromine water. if C=C present, orange bromine water decolourises.
haloalkane
add aqueous silver nitrate + ethanol + warm to 50 degrees C.
chloroalkane forms white ppt, which dissolves in dilute ammonia.
bromoalkane forms cream ppt, which dissolves in conc. ammonia.
iodoalkane forms yellow ppt, which is insoluble in conc. ammonia.
aldehydes and ketones
add Brady’s reagent / 2,4-DNPH. if carbonyl present, yellow/orange ppt forms.
to identify specific aldehyde/ketone?
after 2,4-DNPH added, filter + recrystalise yellow/orange solid. measure melting point of pure, dry crystals. compare with database values.
aldehyde
add Tollen’s reagent and warm. if aldehyde present, silver mirror forms.
primary / secondary alcohol
add acidified potassium dichromate and warm in water bath. if primary/secondary alcohol present, solution turns from orange → green.
carboxylic acid
add aqueous sodium carbonate. if carboxylic acid present, effervescence occurs.
phenol
add orange bromine water. if phenol present, orange bromine water decolourises and white ppt forms.
Note 
Flashcards (33)