Cardiovascular System pt 1 & 2

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28 Terms

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Mediastinum

The middle section of the chest cavity.

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What is the mediastinum bordered by?

  • Thoracic inlet (on top)

  • diaphragm (bottom)

  • sternum (in front)

  • lungs (on either side)

  • vertebral column (in back)

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3 parts of mediastinum

anterior, middle and posterior

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organs in mediastinum

heart, aorta, thymus, chest portion of trachea and esophagus

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Heart

A muscular organ that pumps blood through the circulatory system.

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Capillaries

Permit the diffusion of oxygen and nutrients from the blood into the tissues, and diffusion of waste products of the metabolism from the tissues into the blood.

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Tricuspid Valve

Between Right Atrium and Right Ventricle

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Pulmonic Valve

Between Right Ventricle and Pulmonary Artery

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Mitral Valve

Between Left Atrium and Left Ventricle

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Aortic Valve

Between Left Ventricle and Aorta (semilunar)

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blood flow through heart (start at lungs oxygenated blood)

lungs - pulmonary veins - left atrium - mitral valve - left ventricle - aortic valve - aorta - capillaries - vena cava - right ventricle - tricuspid valve - right atrium - pulmonary valve - pulmonary artery - lungs

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Cardiac Conduction System

The heart has specialized muscle cells here that send signals to the heart muscle that cause it to contract

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Conduction System Components

SA node, AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers

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Conduction Path

  • Starts in the SA node (anatomical pacemaker) causing the atrial muscles to contract

  • AV node

  • bundle of His down

  • Purkinje fibers, causing the ventricles to contract.

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three main layers of heart

superficial to deep

  • epicardium

  • endocardium

  • myocardium (main part)

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Lub

First heart sound (S1) – Mitral and Tricuspid valve closing

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Dub

Second Heart sound (S2) – Pulmonic and Aortic valves closing

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S1-S2

Systole - heart emptying

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S2-S1

Diastole - heart filling

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Systolic pressure

Pressure released slowly until first sounds are heard.

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Diastolic pressure

When sounds disappear, blood is free flowing.

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Narrowing of the arteries - stops nutrients and oxy from getting to heart

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Arrhythmia

An irregular or abnormal heartbeat.

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Heart Failure

The heart does not pump as well as it should, leading to salt and water retention, causing swelling and shortness of breath.

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Heart Valve Disease

Examples include mitral valve prolapse, aortic stenosis, and mitral valve insufficiency

  • when valves don’t close correctly - blood flow problem

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Heart Muscle Disease (Cardiomyopathy)

valve muscles get too strong and blood can’t enter

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Peripheral Artery Disease

Similar to CAD but in the body

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Coronary artery disease

  • plaque build up in arteries blocking blood flow and causing heart attack

    • body tries to destroy fat and instead inflames it more

    • clot continues to grow over time

  • generally caused by blood vessel problems - hypertension/ diabetes