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Yalta Conference

A meeting during World War II in February 1945 where the leaders of the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom discussed post-war reorganization.

United Nations

An international organization established in 1945 to promote peace, security, and cooperation among countries.

Potsdam Conference

A meeting in July 1945 where the Allied leaders discussed post-World War II arrangements for Europe.

Containment

A U.S. foreign policy strategy during the Cold War aimed at preventing the spread of communism.

Truman Doctrine

A policy announced by President Truman in 1947 to provide aid to countries threatened by communist expansion.

Marshall Plan

An American initiative in 1948 to aid Western Europe's economic recovery after World War II.

Joseph Stalin

The leader of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

A military alliance established in 1949 among North American and European countries for collective defense.

Warsaw Pact

A military alliance formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellite states.

NSC-68

A U.S. policy document in 1950 that advocated for a massive increase in military spending to counter Soviet influence.

Cold War liberalism

A political ideology in the United States that supported containment and the use of military power during the Cold War.

Taft-Hartley Act

A U.S. labor law passed in 1947 that restricted the power of labor unions.

Fair Deal

President Truman's domestic policy agenda that aimed to extend the New Deal's social welfare programs.

Loyalty-Security Program

A U.S. government initiative in the late 1940s and early 1950s to identify and remove communist influence in federal agencies.

House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

A congressional committee established to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities.

"New Look"

President Eisenhower's national security policy that emphasized nuclear weapons and reduced conventional military forces.

Domino theory

The belief that if one country falls to communism, neighboring countries will also fall.

Eisenhower Doctrine

A U.S. policy in 1957 to provide military and economic aid to Middle Eastern countries to counter Soviet influence.

Bay of Pigs

A failed U.S.-backed invasion of Cuba in 1961 to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.

Cuban missile crisis

A 1962 confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over the presence of Soviet missiles in Cuba.