Effects of Poverty on Child Development

A comprehensive set of flashcards detailing the impacts of poverty on various aspects of child development.

Effects of Poverty

Physical, cognitive, academic, psychological, and social impacts on children due to poverty.

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

Experiences such as abuse or neglect that can have long-term negative effects on health and well-being.

Trauma

An individual's perception of an event as extremely frightening or harmful that leads to negative emotional and physiological reactions.

Toxic Stress

Severe, long-lasting adversity that significantly affects a child's stress response and can lead to health issues.

Intensity, Duration & Timing

Refers to the extent of poverty and its duration, which are significant factors affecting children's outcomes.

Low Birth Weight

A risk for children living in poverty, associated with higher rates of child mortality and health issues.

Cognitive Development

Influenced by poverty; long exposure to poverty can severely affect a child's cognitive outcomes.

Academic Achievement Gap

The disparity in academic performance between children from low-income families and their peers.

Psychological Development

Children from low SES backgrounds are at a higher risk for mental health issues.

Internalizing Behaviors

Mental health issues characterized by introversion, like depression and anxiety.

Externalizing Behaviors

Behavioral issues that manifest as problems with social adaptation.

Social Development

The impact of parental stress on children's social outcomes.

Maternal Sensitivity

A factor of higher family income linked to better parenting quality.

Family Income

The single strongest predictor of a child's academic success.

Case Study Method

An analytical method used to explore the effects of poverty on children through individual cases.

CDC & Kaiser Permanente Study

Research investigating the long-term effects of adverse childhood experiences.

Health Maintenance Organization Members

Participants in studies investigating childhood experiences related to poverty.

Socioeconomic Status (SES)

A combined measure of an individual's economic and social position in relation to others.

Long-term effects

Consequences of poverty that impact health and well-being throughout an individual's life.

Environmental Risk Factors

External conditions that increase the likelihood of negative outcomes for children.

Protective Factors

Conditions that decrease the likelihood of negative outcomes for children.

Chronic Poverty

Extended duration of poverty that has cumulative negative effects on child development.

Low Academic Achievement

Result of children from impoverished backgrounds often falling behind academically.

Racism and Pregnancy Outcomes

The impact of societal discrimination on the health of pregnant African American women.

Social Causation Hypothesis

Suggests that social conditions contribute directly to mental health issues.

Social Selection Hypothesis

Suggests that mental health issues can influence social status.

Pediatric AIDS

A health risk associated with poverty that can start in infancy.

Upper Respiratory Infection

A health issue more prevalent among children living in poverty.

Emotional Neglect

A form of adverse childhood experience where emotional needs of a child are unmet.

Family Structure

The composition of a child's family, influencing their social and economic status.

Cognitive Outcomes

The intellectual achievements and skills developed by children.

Stress Response System

The body's biological response to stress that can be over-activated by toxic stress.

Child Mortality

The death of children under the age of five, often associated with poverty.

Parental Divorce

One of the adverse childhood experiences impacting child development.

Confidential Surveys

Tools used to gather data from individuals about their childhood experiences.

Health Outcomes

The overall effects on health resulting from childhood conditions like poverty.

Life Course Approach

A perspective in research that examines long-term impacts of childhood conditions on adult health.

Socioeconomic Inequalities

Disparities in access to resources based on social and economic factors.

Academic Development

The development of skills and knowledge necessary for success in education.