Introduction to Air Pollution

This set of flashcards covers key concepts and terminologies related to air pollution, including sources, effects, regulatory measures, and related environmental issues.

What are the main air pollutants released by coal combustion according to STB-2.A.1?

Carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, toxic metals, and particulates.

What gases are produced from fossil fuel combustion that lead to acid rain?

Nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides.

What is the purpose of the Clean Air Act as related to air pollutants?

To regulate the use of lead and other pollutants, decreasing their presence in the atmosphere.

What are primary pollutants?

Pollutants emitted directly from sources such as vehicles or factories.

What is photochemical smog composed of?

Nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds reacting with sunlight.

How do nitrogen oxides contribute to ozone formation?

NOx emissions react in the presence of sunlight to form ozone.

What is the urban heat island effect?

Urban areas have higher temperatures than surrounding rural areas due to lower albedo and less vegetation.

What are some impacts of thermal inversions on air quality?

They trap pollution close to the ground, worsening smog and respiratory issues.

What is one method to reduce acid rain?

Limiting emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides.

How does carbon monoxide impact human health?

It is an asphyxiant that binds with hemoglobin in the blood, displacing oxygen.

What happens to particulate matter (PM) in terms of size categories?

PM10 consists of particles smaller than 10 micrometers, while PM2.5 consists of particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers.

What are Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)?

Chemicals that easily vaporize and can irritate the eyes, lungs, and bronchioles.

How can radon gas enter homes?

Through cracks in the foundation or via groundwater.

What is a catalytic converter?

An air pollution control device that reduces emissions of CO, NOx, and hydrocarbons from vehicles.

What are two key pollutants in acid deposition?

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SO2).

What can cause the decline of crustacean populations in acidified waters?

Toxic metals like aluminum become more soluble in acidic conditions.

Name an effect of noise pollution on wildlife.

Disrupted communication and migration, leading to physiological stress and potential population declines.