Chapter 13: Psychiatric Disorders

Behavioral intervention

________ or exposure and response prevention is effective for many OCD patients.

Ketamine

________: a drug that blocks NMDA glutamate receptors.

PET

________ scans show the anterior cingulate gyrus in the prefrontal cortex is affected in depression.

Positive symptoms symptoms

________ that "add "something, including:

Negative symptoms symptoms

________ that "take away "something, including:

Lithium

________ has a mood-stabilizing effect.

Genes

________ and uterine or early environmental conditions can cause abnormalities in basal ganglia development or an excess of some chemicals.

Phobia

________: intense, irrational fear of a particular object or situation.

stimulants methylphenidate

The ________ and dextroamphetamine are reported to improve attention and decrease tics in patients with Tourette syndrome.

Physical symptoms

________ may reflect disturbances in the hypothalamus.

alpha 1

The ________ blocker prazosin that was used to lower blood pressure is now also used to treat nightmares experienced with PTSD.

Benzodiazepines

________ can also be used to treat PTSD.

PET scans

________ can reveal abnormalities in the cortical and deep brain.

Cognitive behavioral psychotherapies

________ have shown to be effective for treating major depression.

generation of antipsychotic drugs

The first ________ act by inhibiting certain dopamine receptors.

Tics

________: a habitual spasmodic contraction of the muscles, most often in the face.

Chlorpromazine

________: the first antipsychotic drug discovered in the 1950s by accident.

Bipolar disorder

________ was previously known as manic- depressive illness.

Hypomania

________: a milder form of mania that can still be present in bipolar disorder.

Tardive dyskinesia

________: an irreversible movement disorder characterized by involuntary and abnormal movements in the jaw, lips, or tongue.

Tourettes

________ is an inherited disorder.

Panic disorders

________ and phobias have similar neurochemical underpinnings that come up as the result of a particular stressor.

Repetitive involuntary movements

________ or utterances that are sudden and rapid and persist for 1 or more years.

depressive episode

Stress plays a role in triggering a(n) ________.

Schizophrenia

________ can make it difficult for people to lead productive lives.

symptoms of depression

It has been shown to alleviate ________.

Serotonergic

________ refers to a substance that interacts with serotonin.

Individuals

________ with Bipolar disorder have an increased risk of suicide.

Extreme stressors

________ can lead to the formation of stress that can last a lifetime.

Manic individuals

________ are grandiose and may have hallucinations or delusions.

Anxiety disorders

________ often occur with depression.

Ventricles

________: open areas deep within the brain that store cerebrospinal fluid.

Brain systems

________ using dopamine, glutamate, and GABA appear to be involved in the development of schizophrenia.

PETs

________ and fMRIs taken when performing cognitive tasks show abnormal function in some brain areas.

Genes

________ and environment play a role in ones risk for depression.

Bipolar disorder

________ has a high genetic influence.

Benzodiazepines

________ bind to GABA receptors and enhance the responsiveness to endogenous GABA.

Schizophrenia

________ is usually diagnosed between the ages of 15 and 25.

Genes

________ involved in controlling neuron communication have been identified to increase the risk of schizophrenia.

Bipolar disorder

People with ________ have recurrences of acute mania /depression throughout their life.

Schizophrenia

________ is caused by disruption of neurodevelopment through genetic disposition.

Phobia

The intense, irrational fear of a particular object or situation.

Tics

A habitual spasmodic contraction of the muscles, most often in the face.

Ketamine

A drug that blocks NMDA glutamate receptors.

Hypomania

A milder form of mania that can still be present in Bipolar disorder.

Ventricles

The open areas deep within the brain that store cerebrospinal fluid.

Chlorpromazine

The first antipsychotic drug discovered in the 1950s by accident.

Tardive dyskinesia

An irreversible movement disorder characterized by involuntary and abnormal movements in the jaw, lips, or tongue.