Chapter 8 - The Critical Period and the Formation of American Values

Republican motherhood

________- Stifling to American women.

Wartime

________ sacrifices- Fewer goods, higher prices, more sacrifice.

Thomas Jefferson

________- Rural Americans are key citizens.

House of Representatives

________- Representatives based on population.

Republic

A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch

American Dream

The widespread aspiration of Americans to live better than their parents did

Yeoman Farmers

Owned his own modest farm and worked it primarily with family labor, representing the republican visions of the new nation

Critical Period

A time right after the American Revolution where the future of the newly formed nation was in the balance

Articles of Confederation

A written agreement ratified in 1781 by the thirteen original states; it provided a legal symbol of their union by giving the central government no coercive power over the states or their citizens

Order of the Cincinnati

The nation's oldest patriotic organization, founded in 1783 by officers of the Continental Army who served together in the American Revolution

Land and Northwest Ordinance

Established a government for the Northwest Territory, outlined the process for admitting a new state to the Union, and guaranteed that newly created states would be equal to the original thirteen states

Penitentiary

A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes

Republican Motherhood

The ideology representing women's roles in the time before, during, and after the American Revolution

Tariffs

A tax imposed by the government of a country or by a supranational union on imports or exports of goods

Shays' Rebellion

An armed uprising in Western Massachusetts and Worcester in response to a debt crisis among the citizenry and in opposition to the state government's increased efforts to collect taxes both on individuals and their trades

Constitutional Convention

The convention of United States statesmen who drafted the United States Constitution in 1787

James Madison

An American statesman, diplomat, and Founding Father who served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817

Constitution

The supreme law of the United States of America

New Jersey Plan

Designed to protect the security and power of the small states by limiting each state to one vote in Congress, as under the Articles of Confederation

Virginia Plan

A proposal to the United States Constitutional Convention for the creation of a supreme national government with three branches and a bicameral legislature

Enumerated Powers

The powers granted to the Federal government, and specifically Congress, which are mostly listed in Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution

Checks and Balances

Counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups

The Great Compromise

An agreement reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation each state would have under the United States Constitution

Three-Fifths Compromise

Three-fifths of the slave population would be counted for determining direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives