APUSH - Princeton Review Quiz, The Cold War

The Cold War

The Cold War

The power struggle between the major powers between 1945-1980 is called the _____________.

proxy wars

The major powers did not enter into combat during this time, instead they fought ____________ in places like Korea and Vietnam.

The Truman Doctrine

American government policy to support free people who are fighting against communists through military financial support was called ____________ after the president who first advocated for the policy.

containment

The policy of George Kennan that stated that the United States would not instigate a war with the USSR but would come to the defense of nations in danger of Soviet takeover is called _________________.

The Marshall Plan

The plan that sent Europe $12 billion to help rebuild its cities and economy after WWII is called _______________.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

The mutual defense agreement created by the United States with Canada and countries in Western Europe in 1949 was called the ______________________________________(_________).

blockade

In 1949, the USSR imposed a _____________ on the city of Berlin, Germany. In response, Truman authorized an airlift to supply the city and the soviets eventually gave up.

Chinese Revolution

Two issues dominated the U.S. policy in Asia during the Truman Administration, the reconstruction of Japan and the ___________________________.

Mao Zedong

The United States backed the nationalist Chinese under Chaing Kai-shek against the communist Chinese under ____________________. In 1949, the communists took control of China and the nationalists were exiled to Taiwan.

Joseph McCarthy

A demagogic senator named ____________________ led an anti-communist campaign against members of the government and the army that resulted in Senate hearings filled with innuendo and blacklists of innocent Americans.

seizure of the mines

During the coal miners strike led by UMV President Truman ordered the _____________________ when a settlement could not be reached. This alienated labor unions.

President's Committee on Civil Rights

Part of President Truman's civil rights agenda was the formation of a committee called the __________________________ that called for the end of segregation, antilynching laws and resulted in the desegregation of the armed forces.

Dixiecrats

In 1948, in response to President Truman's civil rights agenda, southern segregationist Democrats, also called _________________, abandoned the Democratic Party to support Strom Thurmond for president

Taft-Hartley Act

The ____________________________, supported by the conservative Republic Congress in 1948, limited closed shop union workplaces, restricted labor right to strike and prohibited the use of union funds for political purposes. It was passed over Truman's veto.

Fair Deal

Truman's domestic program that continued the tradition of president's offering "deals" to the public focused on provisions for reintegrating WWII veterans into society such as the GI Bill. It was called the _________________.

Douglas MacArthur

The general in the Korean war that recommended invading China was _____________. He publicly criticized Truman and was fired by the president.

Dwight D. Eisenhower

In the 1952 Presidential election, the Republicans chose ________________________ a war hero. This was a direct attack on Truman's inability to end the Korean War.

consensus of values

The 1950's are often depicted as a time of conformity due to the _________________ that reigned across the country.

New Look Army

Eisenhower reduced the military and introduced new weapons systems shaping the ___________________.

Interstate Highway System

The government under Eisenhower created the _______________________ primarily to move soldiers and missiles around the country but also tying the countries transportation system together.

termination

Eisenhower's policy toward native Americans would liquidate reservations, end federal support and subject them to state laws was called ________________.

Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka

In 1954, the Supreme Court heard the case of _______________________________ a lawsuit by the NAACP over "separate but equal" education.

Plessy vs. Ferguson

The Supreme Court decision concerning school segregation overturned an earlier decision in the case __________________.

Little Rock Nine

In 1957, the governor of Arkansas called in the National Guard to prevent a group of Black students from enrolling in Little Rock high school, these students were known as the ________________.

Rosa Parks

In 1955, ___________________ was arrested for not giving up her seat on a bus. This event was the beginning of the Montgomery bus boycott.

Martin Luther King

The Montgomery bus boycott brought to national prominence a minister and community leader who became the face of the Civil Rights Movement. His name was _________________.

lunch counters

In 1960, students in Greensboro, North Carolina used the civil disobedience methods of the civil rights movement to challenge segregation of ___________________ by organizing a sit in.

John Foster Dulles

President Eisenhower and his Secretary of State, ______________________, continued the Cold War policy of his predecessor but renamed it liberation.

Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)

Deterrence policy suggested that the mere knowledge of ___________________________________ prevented the United States and the USSR from deploying nuclear weapons.

domino theory

The policy of US involvement in South East Asia was based on the ________________ that if South Vietnam fell to communism than other nations in the region would also fall under Soviet influence.

Nikita Khrushchev

After the death of Joseph Stalin, ______________________ became the leader of the Soviet Union and promoted "peaceful coexistence".

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

The Soviet Union launched the first satellite into space, Sputnik. This prompted the United States to create and fund a government agency focused on space exploration called _______________________________________ (_______)

Third World

Countries not allied with either the United State nor the Soviet Union during the Cold War were considered part of the ______________.

Aswan Dam

In Egypt, the United States tried to foster good relations by offering foreign aid, an example was building the much needed __________________ in 1956.

Suez Canal

Despite US foreign aid, Egypt's leader, Gamal Nasser, allied with the Soviet Union and nationalized the ____________________. This prompted a conflict with American allies Great Britain and Israel. Eisenhower negotiated a settlement between the three powers to avoid an escalation of the Cold War.

Fidel Castro

The CIA used covert operation to increase US interest abroad. This included trying to assassinate the Soviet allied communist leader of Cuba, ____________________.

Richard Nixon

In 1960, _______________, Eisenhower's vice president, ran against John F. Kennedy, a Democratic Senator from Massachusetts. In the first televised Presidential Debate, Kennedy trounced Nixon due to his good looks and charismatic personality.

New Frontier

President Kennedy emphasized his youth, surrounding himself with young, ambitious intellectuals as his advisors. His optimistic and future focused domestic program was the ______________________.

Bay of Pigs invasion

The ________________________ was a failed attempt by Cuban Exiles backed by the CIA to overthrow the Castro regime in Cuba that failed and was a disaster for President Kennedy in his first year in office.

Berlin Wall

The Soviet Union erected a barrier in the shared city of Berlin. The ________________ was erected in order to keep East Germans from escaping communist East Germany to West Germany. It became a symbol of the Cold War.

Cuban Missle Crisis

In October of 1962, the most serious Cold War confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States when the USSR began placing nuclear missiles in Cuba. This became known as the ______________________.

Peace Corps

The ___________________ mission was to provide teachers and specialists in various fields to emerging nations in order to foster good will. The process was called nation building.

Equal Pay Act

Kennedy's civil rights agenda resulted in some progress on women's rights. In 1963, Congress passed the _____________________ which required employers to pay equal pay for equal work regardless of gender. Many employers were able to find loopholes to get around the law.

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

During the Kennedy administration, many non-governmental organizations mobilized to build on early gains. The ________________________________________________ (________) was led by Martin Luther King and organized sit-ins, boycotts and other peaceful protests.

Freedom Riders

The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) organized the _____________________________ who staged sit-ins on segregated buses.

Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

The student civil rights organization ________________________________________ (________) did grassroots work in the area of voter registration and anti-segregationist activism.

Medgar Evers

In 1963, Mississippi's NAACP director, ________________________, was shot to death.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

After Kennedy was assassinated, Lyndon Johnson lobbied for the _____________________________________________ that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, or gender.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

The _____________________________________ passed in 1965 that cracked on Southern states that had denied African Americans the right to vote in violation of the 15th amendment.

Great Society

Johnson's social agenda was called __________________________ and included programs like the War on Poverty, Head Start, Upward Bound, Job Corps and Legal Services for the Poor.

Dept. of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)

Johnson added the executive department ___________________________________________________ (______) to increase federal aid to low-income renter and build more federal housing projects and well as establishing Medicare and Medicaid health insurance programs.

Earl Warren

The Supreme Court in the 1960's was very liberal and helped pass Johnson's domestic program as well as uphold many civil liberties cases. The Chief Justice of the court was _____________________.

Miranda vs. Arizona

In __________________________, the Supreme Court ruled that upon arrest, a subject must be informed of his rights.

The Feminine Mystique

In 1963, Betty Friedan's book _____________________________ challenged many assumptions about a woman's place in society. It became an important manifesto for the new feminist movement.

Silent Spring

Environmental issues were also a focus in the 1950s and 60s. Rachel Carson wrote ______________________ that exposed how the widespread use of DDT led to environmental damage. This added interest resulted in the passage of the Clean Air Act in 1955.

Ho Chi Minh

As a result of its anticommunist foreign policy, the United States backed the French-supported South Vietnamese government against the communist insurgency of the northern Vietminh led by __________________________. This led to the Vietnam War.

Geneva Accords

The _____________________ of 1954 temporarily divided Vietnam at the 17th parallel into Communist North Vietnam and South Vietnam under the Ngo Dinh Diem who became a despot.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Johnson used an alleged attack on American destroyer ships to pass the _________________________, which allowed for American military in involvement in Vietnam. This led to the first American ground troops in 1965.

Tet Offensive

America's Vietnam involvement rapidly escalated to its height in 1968. January 1968, the North Vietnamese launched the ____________________________, which inflicted huge damage on American troops. This led to the American public becoming disenchanted with the conflict.

Richard Nixon won

In 1968, Johnson decided not to run for reelection. Robert Kennedy the Democratic frontrunner was assassinated and _________________________ over Hubert Humphrey due to a third party candidate George Wallace who diverted some Southern support.

Vietnamization

Nixon changed the strategy in Vietnam by turning the war over to the South Vietnamese and pulling back on American involvement. This process was called ____________________________ and resulted in Secretary of State, Henry Kissinger, negotiating a peace treaty with the North Vietnamese in 1973.

War Powers Act

In 1975 Saigon fell and Vietnam became a communist country. The Congress passed the __________________________ in 1973 to prevent any future president from involving the military in an undeclared war.

detente

Nixon and Kissinger formulated an approach called _____________________, a policy of openness that called for countries to respect each other's differences and cooperate. Led to a brief period of relaxed tensions between the United States and the USSR.

Kent State University

The confrontation between the National Guard and protestors at __________________________ resulted in the death of four protestors and represented the ongoing division between the youth counter culture and the middle class establishment.

Pentagon Papers

In 1971, two major newspapers published the _____________________________ a top-secret study of US involvement in Vietnam that criticized the military and accused the government of lying to the public. Despite the Nixon administration's objections and legal action, the information was published.

Bob Woodward; Carl Bernstein

A burglary at the Democratic Headquarters at the Watergate Hotel during the 1972 election that was carried out by Republican operatives led to a political scandal that was exposed by investigative reporters _______________________ and _________________ of the Washington Post. It led to the Watergate Scandal that resulted in the resignation of President Richard Nixon. Vice-President Gerald Ford became president and pardoned Nixon.

OPEC

A fuel embargo against the United States by the Arab oil nations organized as __________. Led to high inflation in the Ford Administration that carried over into the Carter Administration in 1976.

Camp David

Jimmy Carter's had a foreign policy success when he presided over a peace agreement between Egypt and Israel called the _____________________ Accords.

Three Mile Island

During his administration Jimmy Carter dealt with a economic crisis based on inflated fuel prices. In response he proposed alternative sources of energy like nuclear power. However, a nuclear accident at _________________________ in Pennsylvania undermined his efforts.

Habitat for Humanity

Jimmy Carter promoted human rights during his presidency and while his presidency was seen as having few successes, he became a famous humanitarian in retirement through his work with ______________________________.