Chapter 3: Histology

What are the main functions of epithelial tissue?

Protection, absorption, and secretion.

What are the two classes of epithelium?

Simple and stratified.

What type of epithelial tissue has one or more layers of cells?

Stratified epithelium.

What is the characteristic of avascular tissue?

It has no blood vessels passing through.

What type of epithelium is known for producing mucin?

Goblet cells in the pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

What is the basal surface in epithelial tissue?

The surface that connects to the basement membrane.

Which type of connective tissue is known for supporting, binding, and protecting organs?

Connective tissue.

What are the main types of cells in fibrous connective tissue?

Fibroblasts, leukocytes, and adipocytes.

What is the primary role of cartilage?

To provide support and structure while allowing for flexibility.

What distinguishes dense irregular connective tissue from dense regular connective tissue?

Dense irregular connective tissue has a random arrangement of collagen fibers, while dense regular connective tissue has a highly organized structure.

What are the two main types of bone identified?

Spongy (trabecular) and compact (cortical) bone.

What are the components of blood?

Plasma and formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets).

What type of muscle tissue is striated and involuntary?

Cardiac muscle.

What is hyperplasia in tissue growth?

Cell multiplication leading to growth.

What does apoptosis refer to?

Programmed cell death, a normal function.

What is the difference between regeneration and fibrosis in tissue repair?

Regeneration replaces dead cells, while fibrosis develops scar tissue.

What is the characteristic shape of squamous cells?

Thin and scale-like.

Where are simple cuboidal epithelial cells typically found?

In glandular structures, kidney tubules, and bronchioles.

What is unique about pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

It appears multilayered, but all cells are attached to the basement membrane.

What are the types of cartilage and their main distinguishing features?

Hyaline (smooth with dispersed fibers), Elastic (weblike with many elastic fibers), and Fibrocartilage (parallel collagen fibers without perichondrium).

What is the role of neuroglia in the nervous system?

To support and protect neurons.