Cellular Metabolism and Energy Production

These flashcards cover key concepts related to cellular respiration, energy production, and metabolic pathways.

What is the amount of ATP produced for all of cellular respiration?

About 30-38 ATP per glucose.

Define glycogenesis.

The building (creation) of glycogen from individual glucose monomers.

When does glycogenesis occur in the body?

After meals, when blood glucose is high.

What hormone regulates glycogenesis?

Insulin.

Where does glycogenesis occur in the body?

Liver.

Define glycogenolysis.

Breakdown of glycogen into monomers of glucose.

When does glycogenolysis occur in the body?

When you are low on simple sugars for energy, such as during fasting or exercise.

What hormone regulates glycogenolysis?

Glucagon.

Where does glycogenolysis occur in the body?

Liver and muscle.

Define gluconeogenesis.

Formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.

When does gluconeogenesis occur in the body?

During prolonged fasting or stress.

What hormones regulate gluconeogenesis?

Cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine.

Where does gluconeogenesis occur in the body?

Liver.

What is lipolysis?

Breaking down stored fat, called triglycerides, into glycerol and free fatty acids.

Describe lipolysis.

In the cytoplasm, triglycerides are hydrolyzed into 3 fatty acids and glycerol; fatty acids oxidize into acetyl-CoA, and glycerol enters glycolysis.

What macromolecule yields the most ATP (energy)?

Lipids (fatty acids).

Define Ketogenesis.

Formation of ketone bodies from fatty acids.