SAD VTNE Final

Which of the following is the most commonly seen cardiovascular disease in the dog?

a. Boxer right ventricular cardiomyopathy

b. Dilated cardiomyopathy

c. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

d. Ventricular septal defect

b.

Which of the following endocrine diseases results in hyponatremia and hyperkalemia in a dog?

a. Hyperadrenocorticism

b. Hypoadrenocorticism

c. Hyperthyroidism

d. Hypothyroidism

b.

Which of the following endocrine diseases results in weight loss and a ravenous appetite in cats?

a. Hyperadrenocorticism

b. Hypoadrenocorticism

c. Hyperthyroidism

d. Hypothyroidism

c.

Which of the following endocrine diseases results in weight gain, bradycardia, exercise intolerance, and lethargy in a dog?

a. Hyperadrenocorticism

b. Hypoadrenocorticism

c. Hyperthyroidism

d. Hypothyroidism

d.

A common clinical sign of saddle thrombus in the cat is:

a. Acute onset of front leg pain and paresis

b. Acute onset of rear leg pain and paresis

c. Bright red foot pads

d. Bounding pulses in the rear limbs

b.

The underlying disease for most cases of feline aortic thromboembolism is _______ in origin.

a. Cardiac

b. Hepatic

c. Renal

d. Respiratory

a.

Which clotting disorder is stimulated by hypothyroidism?

a. Hemophilia A

b. Von Willebrand disease

c. Disseminated intravascular coagulation

d. Coumarin toxicity

b.

Hyperkalemia is commonly associated with which endocrine disorder?

a. Diabetes insipidus

b. Hyperthyroidism

c. Hyperparathyroidism

d. Hypoadrenocorticism

d.

In what endocrine disorder is polyuria and polydipsia not commonly seen?

a. Hyperadrenocorticism

b. Diabetes insipidus

c. Hyperparathyroidism

d. Diabetes mellitus

c.

Which of the following describes a patient suffering from dystocia?

a. Hard, painful nipple, and galactostasis

b. Hypocalcemia, muscle spasms, fever, tachycardia, and seizures

c. In hard labor for 30 to 60 minutes with no new young produced

d. Vaginal discharge, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, anorexia, polyuria, and polydipsia

c.

When a medical history of a patient with diarrhea is obtained, it is important to question the owner regarding the duration, severity, frequency, amount, and quality. This information can assist in localizing diarrhea as involving the small or large bowel. Which of these is a common indication of small bowel diarrhea?

a. Decreased volume of feces

b. Mucus in feces

c. Normal frequency of bowel movements

d. Tenesmus

c.

Painful straining at urination or defecation is:

a. Hematochezia

b. Hematuria

c. Melena

d. Tenesmus

d.

Which of the following is a postpartum complication caused by hypocalcemia?

a. Eclampsia

b. Galactostasis

c. Mastitis

d. Metritis

a.

Signs of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP) include all of the following conditions, except:

a. Petechiae

b. Ecchymoses

c. Thrombocytosis

d. Anemia

c.

When the medical history of a patient with diarrhea is obtained, it is important to question the owner regarding the duration, severity, frequency, amount, and quality. This information can assist in localizing diarrhea as involving the small or large bowel. Which of these is a common indication of large bowel diarrhea?

a. Increased volume of feces

b. Mucus in feces

c. Normal frequency of bowel movements

d. Weight loss

b.

Cats exposed to feline leukemia virus typically respond in any of the following ways, except:

a. Not becoming infected at all

b. Becoming temporarily infected, developing immunity and overcoming the infection

c. Becoming infected and continuing to shed the virus indefinitely without becoming ill

d. Becoming infected, becoming ill within 3 days, and dying within a week

d.

What is the predominant method for transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus in cats?

a. Grooming

b. Bite wounds

c. Urine

d. Feces

b.

Polyuria is:

a. A lack of urine production

b. The production of excessive amounts of urine

c. A lack of water intake

d. Excessive protein in the urine

b.

A urolith is a pathogenic stone formed from mineral salts found in the urinary tract. Which of the following is not a factor in the formation of uroliths?

a. Urine pH

b. Urine concentration

c. Urine saturation

d. Urine protein

d.

Lower urinary tract infections (UTIs) can be caused by a variety of bacteria; the most common pathogen in small animals is Escherichia coli. Which of the following statements is true?

a. Bacterial infections of the bladder are common in the dog and are rare in the healthy cat

b. Bacterial infections of the bladder are common in the cat and are rare in the healthy dog

c. Male dogs are more prone to infection that female dogs

d. Treatment for bacterial infections consists of appropriate antimicrobial therapy for 2 to 4 days

a.

Oliguria is:

a. Excessive eating

b. Green urine

c. Excessive bilirubin in the urine

d. Decreased urine output

d.

Urinary tract infection is a common secondary complication in cats and dogs with:

a. Congestive heart failure

b. Diabetes mellitus

c. Hepatic lipidosis

d. Hyperthyroidism

b.

Common signs of bacterial infections of the urinary tract include hematuria, pollakiuria, urinating in inappropriate places, and which of the following?

a. Azotemia

b. Dehydration

c. Dysuria

d. Elevated BUN

c.

Anuria is:

a. Decreased urine output

b. Decreased drinking

c. Complete lack of urine production

d. Excessive drinking

c.

Painful urination is recorded as:

a. Dysuria

b. Hematuria

c. Pyuria

d. Proteinuria

a.

What does the presence of green fluid in the vomitus indicate?

a. Gastric or esophageal disorder

b. Gastrointestinal ulceration

c. Involvement of bile in the duodenum

d. Pyloric outflow obstruction

c.

What do black "coffee grounds" in the vomitus indicate?

a. Gastric or esophageal disorder

b. Gastrointestinal ulceration

c. Involvement of bile in the duodenum

d. Pyloric outflow obstruction

b.

Which of the following types of cancer commonly arises from cartilage or bone?

a. Adenocarcinoma

b. Sarcoma

c. Lymphoma

d. Carcinoma

b.

What does high-frequency diarrhea with straining and mucus indicate?

a. Involvement of the stomach

b. Involvement of the jejunum or ileum

c. Involvement of the large intestine

d. Colitis

c.

Which of the following describes a patient suffering from pyometra?

a. Hard, painful nipple and galactostasis

b. Hypocalcemia, muscle spasms, fever, tachycardia, and seizures

c. In hard labor for 30 to 60 minutes with no new young produced

d. Vaginal discharge, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, anorexia, polyuria and polydipsia

d.

What does frank blood in the diarrhea indicate?

a. Involvement of the stomach

b. Involvement of the jejunum or ileum

c. Involvement of the large intestine

d. Colitis

d.

Which of the following is a sign of insulin overdose in treated diabetic patients?

a. Muscle wasting

b. Polyuria

c. Severe lethargy and seizures

d. Vomiting and halitosis

c.

Which of the following is a common cause of tachycardia:

a. Hypoxia

b. Hyperkalemia

c. Hypocalcemia

d. Toxin ingestion

a.

Which of the following describes a patient suffering from eclampsia?

a. Hard, painful nipple, and galactostasis

b. Hypocalcemia, muscle spasms, fever, tachycardia, and seizures

c. In hard labor for 30 to 60 minutes with no new young produced

d. Vaginal discharge, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, anorexia, polyuria, and polydipsia

b.

A chest tube is placed when an animal has:

a. Subcutaneous emphysema

b. Pulmonary edema

c. Ascites

d. Pneumothorax

d.

Clear fluid removed from thoracic cavity is known as:

a. Pleural effusion

b. Pulmonary edema

c. Ascites

d. Pyothorax

a.

Chronic mitral valvular disease (endocardiosis) affects more than one third of patients older than:

a. 2 years

b. 5 years

c. 8 years

d. 10 years

d.

The prevalence of dated (congestive) cardiomyopathy in cats has decreased markedly since 1987, following the discovery that ______ deficiency was the principal cause.

a. Glutamine

b. Taurine

c. Arginine

d. Copper

b.

Projectile vomiting is most associated with:

a. Gastric or esophageal disorder

b. Gastrointestinal ulceration

c. Involvement of bile in the duodenum

d. Pyloric outflow obstruction

d.

Which part of the gastrointestinal system is associated with melena?

a. Involvement of the stomach

b. Involvement of the jejunum

c. Involvement of the large intestine

d. Colitis

b.

Which of the following is commonly seen in cats older than 10 years but is very rare in dogs?

a. Hyperadrenocorticalism

b. Hypoadrenocorticism

c. Hypothyroidism

d. Hyperthyroidism

d.

Which of the following is described as seizures involving loss of consciousness with tonic-clonic whole body movements, possibly with salivation urination, and defecation?

a. Absence seizures

b. Focal seizures

c. Generalized seizures

d. Myoclonus

c.

Which of the following is described as seizures involving specific parts of the body, many times without loss of consciousness?

a. Absence seizures

b. Focal seizures

c. Generalized seizures

d. Myoclonus

b.

Which of the following is described as a transient alteration is consciousness, with or without external signs?

a. Absence seizures

b. Focal seizures

c. Generalized seizures

d. Myoclonus

a.

Which of the following conditions matches a patient exhibiting a head tilt, facial paresis, nystagmus, positional strabismus, and ataxia?

a. Brachycephalic syndrome

b. Horner syndrome

c. Wobbler syndrome

d. Vestibular syndrome

d.

Which of the following is characterized as droopy eyelids, protruding nictitians , and mitosis?

a. Brachycephalic syndrome

b. Horner syndrome

c. Wobbler syndrome

d. Vestibular syndrome

b.

Which of the following is described as ataxia, and paresis resulting from spondylosis of the vertebrae?

a. Brachycephalic syndrome

b. Horner syndrome

c. Wobble syndrome

d. Vestibular syndrome

c.

Which of the following is defined as an irreversible, progressive loss of functioning renal tissue?

a. Acute kidney injury

b. Chronic kidney disease

c. Acute liver failure

d. Chronic liver disease

b.

Which of the following is the appropriate treatment when a patient experiences severe heart worm infestation and naval syndrome?

a. Adulticide therapy

b. Microfilaricide therapy

c. Surgical removal

d. No treatment is needed, as it is transient

c.

Which of the following is a sign of common complications to heartworm adulticide therapy?

a. Ecchymoses, anemia

b. Hemoptysis, dyspnea

c. Hematuria, stranguria

d. Melena, lethargy

b.

Which of the following is the most common clinical sign of severe hypertension?

a. Acute blindness

b. Syncope

c. Tachycardia

d. Weakness

b.

Which of the following is an endocrine disease most commonly seen in cats?

a. Chronic kidney disease

b. Diabetes mellitus

c. Hyperthyroidism

d. Hypothyroidism

c.

Production of fresh, bright red blood in the feces, indicating blood loss in the lower gastrointestinal tract is:

a. Dyschezia

b. Hematochezia

c. Melena

d. Tenesmus

b.

Which of the following endocrine diseases results in weight gain, muscle weakness, polyuria, polydipsia, skin and hair coat abnormalities, and a pot-bellied appearance in a dog?

a. Hyperadrenocorticism

b. Hypoadrenocorticism

c. Hyperthyroidism

d. Hypothyroidism

a.

Passage of large volumes of pale, fatty feces, usually associated with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, is referred to as:

a. Anuria

b. Coprophagia

c. Steatorrhea

d. Oliguria

c.

When passing urine is painful and uncomfortable, it is known as which of the following?

a. Dysuria

b. Poikuria

c. Polyuria

d. Stranguria

a.

Hypostatic pneumonia in hospitalized patients may be prevented by:

a. Starting a course of antibiotics when the patient is admitted to the hospital

b. Turning the patient every 4 hours

c. Ensuring that the patient is fully awake and able to protect its own airway in advance of extubation

d. All of these

b.

Which of the following describes a patient suffering from mastitis?

a. Hard, painful nipple, and galactostasis

b. Hypocalcemia, muscle spasms, fever, tachycardia, and seizures

c. In hard labor for 30 to 60 minutes with no new young produced

d. Vaginal discharge, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, anorexia, polyuria and polydipsia

a.

Orally administered drugs travel through the gastrointestinal tract, and most are absorbed in the small intestine. After absorption across the intestinal wall, orally administered drugs:

a. Enter the stomach where the remainder of the drug is absorbed

b. Enter the hepatic portal circulation and are routed directly to the liver

c. Enter the kidney and are eliminated in the urine

d. Enter the colon and are eliminated in the feces

b.

A disease that is not caused by microorganisms but is usually a result of a disturbance in the normal metabolism of the animal is:

a. A contagious disease

b. An infectious disease

c. A noninfectious disease

d. A vector

c.

Which of the following types of uroliths are found in alkaline urine?

a. Struvite uroliths

b. Ammonium urate uroliths

c. Calcium oxalate uroliths

d. Cystine uroliths

a.

Which of the following may be caused by right-sided heart failure?

a. Aortic stenosis

b. Mitral valve dysplasia

c. Dysrhythmias

d. Tricuspid dysplasia

d.

Addison's disease is also known as which of the following:

a. Hyperadrenocorticalism

b. Hypoadrenocorticism

c. Hypothyroidism

d. Hyperthyroidism

b.

A vascular abnormality in which the hepatic portal vein empties directly into the caudal vena cava is:

a. Hepatic lipidosis

b. Portosystemic shunt

c. Cardiomyopathy

d. Aortic stenosis

b.

Which of the following terms is used to describe a high-pitched, discontinuous inspiratory sound associated with the reopening of airways that closed during expiration?

a. Crackle

b. Stertor

c. Stridor

d. Wheeze

a.

Which of the following terms is used to describe passing larger volumes of urine than normal?

a. Fomite

b. Poikuria

c. Polyuria

d. Vector

c.

Which of the following may be caused by left-sided heart failure?

a. Mitral valve dysplasia

b. Pulmonic stenosis

c. Neoplasia

d. Myocarditis

a.

The heart is an organ that is commonly affected by age. Chronic valvular disease (CVD) results from thickening of the heart valves, and it affects many:

a. Young dogs

b. Older dogs, especially smaller dogs

c. Large breed dogs

d. Cats

b.

Chronic renal disease is one of the diseases seen most commonly in geriatric patients, especially cats. In addition to causing increased polyuria and polydipsia, renal disease may also cause:

a. Anemia

b. Anorexia

c. Gastric upset

d. All of the above

d.

Which of the following treatments used to treat heart worm disease in dogs is a common microfilaricide treatment?

a. Thiacetarsamide

b. Melarsomine dihydrochloride

c. Ivermectin

d. All of the above

c.

Increased intraocular pressure (IOP), caused by more aqueous fluid being produced than leaving the eye, might result in:

a. Pannus

b. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

c. Glaucoma

d. Chronic superficial keratitis

c.

The term used to describe a group of hereditary eye diseases seen in many breeds of dogs, which causes loss of night vision or low-light vision, is:

a. Pannus

b. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

c. Progressive retina atrophy

d. Chronic superficial keratitis

c.

Which of these endocrine disorders can result from the failure of the pituitary gland to produce antidiuretic hormone (ADH):

a. Diabetes insipidus

b. Cushing's disease

c. Hypothyroidism

d. Insulinoma

a.

Postpartum uterine infections are known as:

a. Fetal membranes

b. Metritis

c. Pseudopregnancy

d. Milk fever

b.

A condition that is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the uterus and one or more corpus lute in the ovaries is known as:

a. Fetal membranes

b. Metritis

c. Pseudopregnancy

d. Milk fever

c.

Which of the following is commonly seen in dogs but is rare in cats?

a. Hyperadrenocorticalism

b. Hypoadrenocorticism

c. Hypothyroidism

d. Hyperthyroidism

a.

An atypical heart sound associated with a functional or structural valve abnormality is known as:

a. Arrhythmia

b. Fibrillation

c. Murmur

d. Infarct

c.

A collection of blood in the cranial portion of the ventral cavity is known as:

a. Pneumothorax

b. Pneumonia

c. Hematothorax

d. Hemostasis

c.

The most common form of malnutrition in hospitalized animals in __________ because of the reluctance or inability to eat voluntarily.

a. Lack of energy and protein intake

b. Lack of sugar

c. Lack of carbohydrates

d. Lack of minerals

a.

Which of the following is not a typical sign of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in cats?

a. Vomiting

b. Diarrhea

c. Weight gain

d. Weight loss

c.

Increased frequency of defecation and loose and watery stools are common when the __________ is involved.

a. Small intestine

b. Large intestine

c. Colon

d. Stomach

a.

Inflammation of all bones or inflammation of every part of one bone is known as:

a. Panosteitis

b. Polypathia

c. Pandemic

d. Osteoporosis

a.

Patients suffering with short-bowel syndrome (SBS) should be fed the following type of diet in the long term:

a. High-protein, high-fat diets

b. Low-fat, highly digestible diets

c. High-fat, highly digestible diets

d. High-protein, moderately digestible diets

b.

The accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity is defined as:

a. Auscultate

b. Infarct

c. Ascites

d. Edema

c.

A lack of digestion is referred to as which of the following?

a. Bradypeptic

b. Apepsia

c. Monogastric

d. Anastomosis

b.

Melena refers to which of the following?

a. Passing of dark, tarry feces containing blood that has been acted on by bacteria in the intestines

b. A semi-fluid mass of partially digested food that enters the small intestine from the stomach

c. A protein produced by living cells that initiate a chemical reaction but is not affected by the reaction

d. To fall back into a disease state after an apparent recovery

a.

The most common cause of FLUTD in cats less than 10 years of age is:

a. Struvite uroliths

b. Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC)

c. Calcium oxalate crystals

d. Urethral plugs

b.

Which of the following is a clinical symptom of thromboemboli in cats?

a. Chronic onset or rear leg pain

b. Acute onset of rear leg pain

c. Palpable pulses in rear limbs

d. Warm foot pads

b.

Causes of congenital heart disease include all of the following, except:

a. Genetics

b. Viruses

c. Nutrients

d. Drugs

b.

Litter box management for cats with FLUTD includes:

a. Using only covered litter boxes

b. Using highly-scented litter so the unappealing urine odor is masked

c. Having one litter box per cat -- plus one additional

d. Always using scoopable litter

c.

Diagnostic evaluation of felines with recurrent or persistent lower urinary tract signs should include:

a. Urinalysis

b. Diagnostic imaging

c. Thyroid testing

d. Both a and b

d.

To evaluate urine for crystalluria:

a. Urinalysis should be performed within 30 minutes of sample collection

b. Evaluation is best performed after urine has been refrigerated for 12 hours

c. Sample should always be sent out for evaluation

d. Ultrasound is the most reliable means of evaluation

a.

Which of the following are clinical symptoms seen in a cat with heart worm disease?

a. Diarrhea

b. Left-sided chronic heart failure

c. Weight gain

d. Vomiting

d.

Protein malnutrition in patients with hepatic disease manifests clinically as:

a. Hypoalbuminemia weight gain, and muscle atrophy

b. Weight loss, muscle atrophy, and hypoalbuminemia

c. Muscle atrophy, hyperalbuminemia zinc accumulation

d. Vitamin K accumulation, weight loss, and muscle atrophy

b.

In cats, hepatic lipidosis often occurs as a result of which of the following?

a. Thyroid disease

b. Anorexia and weight loss

c. Lower urinary tract disease

d. Cardiac disease

b.

Chronic hepatitis may be a result of:

a. Copper accumulation, infectious diseases, drugs

b. Breed-associated hepatitis, autoimmune disease, copper deficiency

c. Infectious diseases, unknown etiology, zinc accumulation

d. Autoimmune disease, vitamin K deficiency, drugs

a.

Clinical signs of acute gastritis may include:

a. Anorexia

b. Polyuria

c. Polydipsia

d. Anuria

a.

The accumulation of inflammatory cells within the lining of the small intestine, stomach, or large bowel is known as:

a. Acute gastritis

b. Chronic gastritis

c. Inflammatory bowel disease

d. Colitis

c.

Hematuria can be determined to exist:

a. When there is any positive reading for blood on the dipstick

b. If intact erythrocytes are present in the microscopic examination of the urine sediment

c. Only if there is a red tint to the urine sample

d. Whenever there is a case of feline idiopathic cystitis

b.

A key nutritional component to managing the inflammation seen in FIC is:

a. Adding salt to the cat's food

b. Adding omega-3 fatty acids to the diet

c. Feeding only once daily

d. Feeding various types of food

b.