AP Psych Unit 5

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and definitions related to mental health disorders, providing essential concepts for understanding mental illness.

Biopsychosocial Model

A framework explaining mental illness through the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors.

Deviation

Behavior that significantly differs from societal norms; often a criterion for diagnosing disorders.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

U.S. diagnostic system for mental disorders; currently in the DSM-5 edition.

Diathesis-Stress Model

A model suggesting mental disorders develop from a predisposition combined with environmental stress.

Distress

Emotional suffering; one of the key criteria for diagnosing mental disorders.

Dysfunction

Interference with daily functioning; another diagnostic criterion.

Eclectic Approach

Therapy using techniques from various psychological approaches.

International Classification of Mental Disorders (ICD)

Global diagnostic manual used primarily outside the U.S.

Maladaptive Behavior

Behaviors that prevent effective functioning and adjustment.

Psychological Disorder

A clinically significant disturbance in behavior, cognition, or emotion regulation.

Stigma

Social disapproval or discrimination against people with mental disorders.

Anxiety Disorders

Disorders marked by excessive fear or anxiety (e.g., GAD, phobias).

Bipolar Disorders

Mood disorders with alternating episodes of depression and mania.

Depressive Disorders

Mood disorders involving persistent sadness or loss of interest.

Dissociative Disorders

Involve disruptions in memory, identity, or perception.

Feeding and Eating Disorders

Include unhealthy eating habits like anorexia or bulimia.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Childhood-onset disorders such as autism and ADHD.

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Include OCD, hoarding, and body dysmorphic disorder.

Personality Disorders

Long-standing behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

Arachnophobia

Fear of spiders.

Schizophrenic Spectrum Disorders

Severe disorders involving distorted reality and thinking.

Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders

Caused by exposure to traumatic or stressful events.

Catatonia

A state of immobility or unresponsiveness.

Catatonic Stupor

A subtype of catatonia marked by complete unresponsiveness.

Delusions

Strongly held false beliefs, often seen in psychotic disorders.

Delusions of Grandeur

Belief that one has exceptional abilities or fame.

Delusions of Persecution

Belief that others are trying to harm or harass you.

Disorganized Motor Behavior

Unpredictable or inappropriate motor movements.

Disorganized Speech

Incoherent or illogical speech patterns.

Dopamine Hypothesis

Theory that excess dopamine contributes to schizophrenia symptoms.

Flat Affect

Lack of emotional expression or reactivity.

Hallucinations

False sensory perceptions (e.g., hearing voices).

Negative Symptoms

Absence of normal functions (e.g., lack of motivation or speech).

Positive Symptoms

Excesses or distortions like hallucinations or delusions.

Word Salad

Jumbled, nonsensical speech often found in schizophrenia.

Acrophobia

Fear of heights.

Agoraphobia

Fear of open or public spaces, often linked to panic attacks.

Ataque de nervios

A cultural expression of intense emotional distress in Latin communities.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Chronic worry and tension without a specific cause.

Learned Associations

Conditioning process by which phobias may form.

Panic Attack

Sudden episode of intense fear and physical symptoms.

Panic Disorder

Repeated panic attacks and fear of future episodes.

Phobia

Intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation.

Social Anxiety Disorder

Fear of being judged or embarrassed in social settings.

Taijin Kyofusho

Japanese disorder marked by fear of offending others via body language or appearance.

Bipolar I Disorder

Includes at least one full manic episode, possibly with depression.

Bipolar II Disorder

Involves hypomanic and major depressive episodes.

Cycling

Fluctuation between manic and depressive states in bipolar disorder.

Mania

Elevated mood, high energy, and impulsivity.

Depression

Persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and lack of energy.

Major Depressive Disorder

Severe depressive symptoms lasting at least two weeks.

Persistent Depressive Disorder

Long-term (2+ years), less severe depression.

Compulsions

Repetitive behaviors performed to reduce anxiety from obsessions.

Hoarding Disorder

Difficulty discarding items, causing clutter and distress.

Obsessions

Unwanted, intrusive thoughts that cause distress.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions that impair functioning.

Emotional Detachment

Numbness or lack of emotional connection, often seen in trauma.

Flashbacks

Vivid re-experiencing of a traumatic event.

Hostility

Persistent anger or aggression, possibly trauma-related.

Hypervigilance

Constant alertness to potential threats.

Insomnia

Difficulty sleeping; common in anxiety and PTSD.

Post-traumatic stress Disorder (PTSD)

A trauma-related disorder with symptoms like flashbacks and nightmares.

Severe Anxiety

Overwhelming fear or worry that disrupts daily life.