Effective Learning Strategies

Flashcards about effective learning strategies for language learners.

Language learning strategies

Conscious steps or behaviors used by language learners to enhance the acquisition, storage, retention, recall, and use of new information.

Circumlocution

Using different words or phrases to express the intended meaning when a learner doesn’t know a specific word.

Language switching or code switching

Using a word with the same meaning from her first language when a learner doesn’t know a word in the target language.

Clarification and comprehension checks

Asking for clarification or checking comprehension to ensure understanding.

Avoidance

Avoiding talking about topics for which a learner lacks the necessary lexis or language skills.

Word coinage

Creating new words or phrases for words that the learner does not know.

Non-verbal strategies

Using body language, gestures, mime, facial expressions, and sound imitation to support or replace verbal communication.

Approximation

Using an alternative term that approximates the meaning of the target word or phrase as closely as possible.

Use of all-purpose words

Using general, empty lexical words or phrases to replace a specific word that the learner lacks.

Using minimal responses

Predictable phrases that conversation participants use to indicate understanding, agreement, doubt, and other responses to what another speaker is saying.

Recognizing scripts/patterns opportunities

Understanding that many communication situations are associated with a predictable set of spoken exchanges influenced by social and cultural norms.

Fillers and hesitation devices

Words or phrases used to fill pauses and to gain time to think.

SMART goals

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-based goals.

Using authentic material and practicing in authentic situations

Listening to authentic material outside the classroom, in different formats, and practicing the language in real-life situations with native speakers.

Self-monitoring

Assessing one's own capabilities frequently by taking relevant external proficiency tests and quizzes.