Cosmetology Anatomy

Anatomy

The study of organs and systems of the body

Catabolism

The process of breaking down molecules into smaller ones causes the release of energy within the cell necessary for performance of specific body functions including muscular movements and digestion

Physiology

The study of the functions organs and systems perform

Tissues

Groups of cells of the same kind

Gross anatomy

The study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye

Microscopic anatomy

The study of structures that can only be seen through a microscope also known as histology

Cells

Basic units of living matter composed of protoplasm in varying shapes and size structure and function

Protoplasm

Gel like substance containing water salt nutrients obtained from food

Cytoplasm

Production department of a cell where most of the cell activity takes place

Nucleus

Control center of cell activities

Cell membrane

Outer surface of the cell that of which encloses the protoplasm

Metabolism

The chemical process where cells receive nutrients for growth and reproduction

Anabolism

Building up larger molecules from smaller molecules in the body stores food and oxygen for times when they are needed by the body

Connective tissue

Supports protects and holds the body together

Nerve tissue

Coordinates body functions in addition to caring messages to and from the brain and spinal cord

Epithelial tissue

Covers and protects body surfaces and internal organs

Liquid tissue

Carries food waste products and hormones

Muscular tissue

Contracts when stimulated to produce motion

Organs

Separate body structures that perform specific functions composed of two or more different tissues

Brain organ

Controls all body functions

Eyes

Controls vision

Heart

Circulates blood

Lungs

Supplies the blood with oxygen

Stomach or intestine

Digest food

Liver

Removes toxic by products of digestion

kidney

Eliminate water and waste products

skin

Body's largest organ forms external protective layer of the body

Body systems

Group of body structures in or organs together perform one or more vital body function

Skeletal system

Provides framework for the body

Muscular system

Moves the body

Circulatory system

Circulates blood through the body

Nervous system

sends and receives body messages

digestive system

supplies food to the body

Excretory system

Eliminate waste from the body

Respiratory system

Controls breathing

Endocrine system

Controls growth and general health and reproduction of the body

Integumentary system

sebaceous and sudoriferous glands

206

Number of bones of different shapes and sizes attached to others at movable or immovable joints

Joint

a point at which two or more bones are joined together

Osteology

The study of bone

Long bones

located in the arms and legs

Flat bones

Located in the skull plate-shaped

Irregular bones

Found in wrist, ankle and spinal column

the skull

Skeleton of the head that encloses and protect the brain and primary sensory organs

Frontal bone

Bone that extends from the top of the eyes to the top of the head and forms the forehead

Parietal bone

Two bones that form the crown and upper sides of the head

Occipital bone

Bone that forms the back of skull indenting above the nape area

temporal bones

Two bones located on either side of the head directly above the ears and below the parietal bones

Sphenoid bone

Located behind the eyes and nose and connects all of the bones of the

Ethmoid bone

The spongy bone between the eyes that forms part of the nasal cavity

Mandible bone

Lower jaw and largest bone of the facial skeleton

Maxillae Bone

Two bones of the upper jaw

Nasal bone

two bones which join to form the bridge of the nose

Zygomatic/Malar

Two bones that form the upper cheek and bottom of the eye socket

Lacrimal bones

Smallest bones of the facial skeleton in from the front part of the inner bottom wall of the eye socket

Turbinal bone

Two spongy bones that form the sides of the nasal cavity

Vomer

Nasal system the bone in the center of the nose that divides the nasal cavity

Palatine bone

Two bones that form the roof of the mouth and the floor of the eye socket

Cervical Vertebrae

The 7 bones that form the top spinal part of the spinal column

Hyoid

The u-shaped bone at the base of the tongue and supports tongue muscles

Thorax

The bony cage composed of the spine/thoracic vertebrae, sternum and 12 ribs. Encloses and protects heart, lungs and other internal organs.

Clavicle

The bone that forms the area from the throat to shoulder

Scapula

Large flat bone extending from the middle of the back upward to the joint where it attatches to the clavicle

Humerus

Largest bone of the upper arm extending from elbow to shoulder

Radius

Small bone on the thumb side of the lower forearm

Ulna

Bone located on the little finger side of the lower arm

Carpals

Right small bones held together by ligaments to form the wrist or carpus

Metacarpals

Five long thin bones that form the Palm of the

Phalanges

14 bones that form the fibers or digits. The thumb has 2 and each fingers have 3

Myology

The study of muscles, including structure, function and diseases.

500

Number of large and small muscles in the body composing approximately 40% body weight

Striated/voluntary

Muscles respond to commands regulated by will

Non-Striated/involuntary

Muscles respond automatically to control various body functions including the functions of internal organs

Head, neck, face, arms and hands

Cosmetologist primary concern of voluntary muscles

Cardiac Muscle

This muscle itself and the only muscle of its type in the human body. The rugged muscle functions involuntarily

Anterior

In front of

Posterior

Behind or in in back of

Superioris

Located above or is larger

Inferioris

Located below or is smaller

Levator

Lifts up

Depressor

Draws down or depresses

Dialator

Opens, enlarged or expands

Orgin

Nonmoving(fixed) portion of the muscle stretched to bones or another fixed muscle. Skeletal muscle.

Belly

Midsection of the muscle between two attatched sections

Insertion

Portion of the muscle joined to the movable attatchments: bones, movable muscles or skin

Insertion to Origin

Muscles affected by message are generally manipulated

Epicranium

Consists of all structures above the cranium, including muscle, Skin and aponeuroses

Epicranius

Broad muscle formed by two muscles joined by aponeurosis tendon

Occipitolfrontalis

Frontalis

Extends from the forehead to top of skull. Raises eyebrows or draws scalp forward

Occipitalis

Muscle located at the nape of the neck and draws the scalp back

Auricularis anterior

Located in front of the war and has no recognized function

Auricularis Superior

Located above the war and has no known function

Auricularis posterior

Located behind the war and has no recognized function

Corrugator muscle

Located between the eyebrows, controls eyebrows drawing them in and downward

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

Located above the eyelids, functions to raise the eyelid

Orbicularis oculi

Circles the eye socket and functions to close the eyelid

Procerus

Located between the eyebrows across the bridge of the nose draw eyebrows down and wrinkles the area across the bridge of the nose

Oris orbicularis

Circles the mouth and is responsible for contracting puckering and wrinkling the lips as in kissing or whistling

Quadratus labii superioris

Also known as levator labii superioris consist of three parts is located above the upper lip raises both the nostrils in the upper lip as in expressing distaste

Quadratus labii inferioris

Also known as the depressor labii inferioris located below the lower lip pulls the lower lip down or to the side as in expressing sarcasm