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Electrostatic Force
Force between charged objects, can attract or repel.
forces definition
A push or pull in a specific direction.
Acceleration
Increase in speed or velocity of an object.
Deceleration
Decrease in speed or velocity of an object.
Net Force
Total force acting on an object.
Resultant Force
Final force and its direction after combining forces.
Balanced Forces
Equal forces acting in opposite directions, net force zero.
Unbalanced Forces
Forces that cause a change in motion.
Action Force
Force exerted by the first object.
Reaction Force
Force exerted back by the second object.
Magnetic Force
Attraction or repulsion between magnets.
Permanent Magnet
Retains magnetism when removed from other magnets.
Temporary Magnet
Loses magnetism when removed from other magnets.
Magnetic Poles
North and south ends of a magnet.
Magnetic Field
Area where magnetic forces act.
Electromagnet
Magnet created by electric current.
Static Electricity
Buildup of electric charge on an object.
Charge Transfer
Movement of electrons between materials.
Friction
Force that opposes motion between surfaces.
Like Charges
Repel each other; positive-positive or negative-negative.
Opposite Charges
Attract each other; positive-negative.
Magnetic Field Lines
Indicate strength and direction of magnetic forces.
Compass
Device that indicates magnetic north.
Earth's Magnetic Field
Protects Earth from solar wind and radiation.
Applications of Magnetism
Used in compasses, electronics, and MRI machines.
Electromagnet Applications
Used in motors, generators, and lifting objects.
Charge Buildup
Accumulation of electric charge on a surface.
Dry Weather
Conditions where electrostatic forces are more noticeable.
Repulsion
Like charges repel each other (positive-positive or negative-negative).
Electric Field
Areas around charged objects affecting nearby charges.
Traction
Friction aiding movement, like walking.
Surface Texture
Influences friction: rough surfaces increase it.
Material Properties
Different materials yield varying friction levels.
Helpful Friction
Enables movement, prevents slipping in daily activities.
Hindrance of Friction
Causes wear and energy loss in machinery.
Lubricants
Substances like oil reducing friction between parts.
Static Friction
stops an object moving
Sliding Friction
when an object slides over a surface
Rolling Friction
when wheels ect roll over a surface
Fluid Friction
air or water resistance
Air Resistance
Opposes motion of objects moving through air.
Terminal Velocity
When Air resistance and gravity become equal as something is falling. Net force is 0
Gravitational Force
Attraction between objects due to their masses.
Mass
Amount of matter in an object, constant everywhere.
Weight
Force of gravity on an object, varies by location.
Weight Conversion Formula
Weight (N) = Mass (kg) × (m/s²).
Buoyancy
Upward force exerted by a fluid on an object.
Archimedes' Principle
Buoyant force = weight of displaced fluid.
Density
Mass per unit volume, affects buoyancy.
Shape Influence
Object shape affects fluid displacement and buoyancy.
Gravitational Acceleration on Earth
9.8 m/s²
Icy Road Chains
Increase traction by enhancing friction on ice.
High Friction Examples
Sandpaper and rubber soles provide grip.
Low Friction Examples
Polished wood and ice reduce resistance.
Falling Objects
Pulled down by gravity towards Earth's center.
Orbiting Satellites
Remain in orbit due to gravity and motion balance.
7 things forces can do
stop motion, start mation, change direction, change shape,change position, no change at all, speed up an object
all types of forces
Gravity, push, pull, magnetism, friction, acceleration
example of gravity
apple falling from a tree
example of push
pushing a box
example of pull
pulling / opening a door
example of magnetism
magnet picking up a nail
example of friction
rubbbing hair x balloon
example of acceleration
speeding up a car
All contact forces
push, pull, friction,acceleration
non contact forces
gravity and magnetism
Friction advantage
go faster, using traction it prevents slipping
Friction disadvantage
can cause wear and tear in machines
Materials that attract magnetism
iron, nickel, and cobalt.
Electron
- ( neutral ) around nucleus
Proton
+ (positive) in nucleus
Neutron
0 in nucleus
Note 
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