Forces

Electrostatic Force

Force between charged objects, can attract or repel.

forces definition

A push or pull in a specific direction.

Acceleration

Increase in speed or velocity of an object.

Deceleration

Decrease in speed or velocity of an object.

Net Force

Total force acting on an object.

Resultant Force

Final force and its direction after combining forces.

Balanced Forces

Equal forces acting in opposite directions, net force zero.

Unbalanced Forces

Forces that cause a change in motion.

Action Force

Force exerted by the first object.

Reaction Force

Force exerted back by the second object.

Magnetic Force

Attraction or repulsion between magnets.

Permanent Magnet

Retains magnetism when removed from other magnets.

Temporary Magnet

Loses magnetism when removed from other magnets.

Magnetic Poles

North and south ends of a magnet.

Magnetic Field

Area where magnetic forces act.

Electromagnet

Magnet created by electric current.

Static Electricity

Buildup of electric charge on an object.

Charge Transfer

Movement of electrons between materials.

Friction

Force that opposes motion between surfaces.

Like Charges

Repel each other; positive-positive or negative-negative.

Opposite Charges

Attract each other; positive-negative.

Magnetic Field Lines

Indicate strength and direction of magnetic forces.

Compass

Device that indicates magnetic north.

Earth's Magnetic Field

Protects Earth from solar wind and radiation.

Applications of Magnetism

Used in compasses, electronics, and MRI machines.

Electromagnet Applications

Used in motors, generators, and lifting objects.

Charge Buildup

Accumulation of electric charge on a surface.

Dry Weather

Conditions where electrostatic forces are more noticeable.

Repulsion

Like charges repel each other (positive-positive or negative-negative).

Electric Field

Areas around charged objects affecting nearby charges.

Traction

Friction aiding movement, like walking.

Surface Texture

Influences friction: rough surfaces increase it.

Material Properties

Different materials yield varying friction levels.

Helpful Friction

Enables movement, prevents slipping in daily activities.

Hindrance of Friction

Causes wear and energy loss in machinery.

Lubricants

Substances like oil reducing friction between parts.

Static Friction

stops an object moving

Sliding Friction

when an object slides over a surface

Rolling Friction

when wheels ect roll over a surface

Fluid Friction

air or water resistance

Air Resistance

Opposes motion of objects moving through air.

Terminal Velocity

When Air resistance and gravity become equal as something is falling. Net force is 0

Gravitational Force

Attraction between objects due to their masses.

Mass

Amount of matter in an object, constant everywhere.

Weight

Force of gravity on an object, varies by location.

Weight Conversion Formula

Weight (N) = Mass (kg) × (m/s²).

Buoyancy

Upward force exerted by a fluid on an object.

Archimedes' Principle

Buoyant force = weight of displaced fluid.

Density

Mass per unit volume, affects buoyancy.

Shape Influence

Object shape affects fluid displacement and buoyancy.

Gravitational Acceleration on Earth

9.8 m/s²

Icy Road Chains

Increase traction by enhancing friction on ice.

High Friction Examples

Sandpaper and rubber soles provide grip.

Low Friction Examples

Polished wood and ice reduce resistance.

Falling Objects

Pulled down by gravity towards Earth's center.

Orbiting Satellites

Remain in orbit due to gravity and motion balance.

7 things forces can do

stop motion, start mation, change direction, change shape,change position, no change at all, speed up an object

all types of forces

Gravity, push, pull, magnetism, friction, acceleration

example of gravity

apple falling from a tree

example of push

pushing a box

example of pull

pulling / opening a door

example of magnetism

magnet picking up a nail

example of friction

rubbbing hair x balloon

example of acceleration

speeding up a car

All contact forces

push, pull, friction,acceleration

non contact forces

gravity and magnetism

Friction advantage

go faster, using traction it prevents slipping

Friction disadvantage

can cause wear and tear in machines

Materials that attract magnetism

iron, nickel, and cobalt.

Electron

- ( neutral ) around nucleus

Proton

+ (positive) in nucleus

Neutron

0 in nucleus