AP Psych- Sleep Quiz

nREM1

During this stage of sleep individuals experience a drowsy interval between waking and sleeping, characterized by brief, hallucinatory dream like experiences known as a hypnagogic state.

REM

Most vivid dreams occur in this stage.

nREM3

Dreams occurring in this stage are typically shorter, less emotional and less visual.

nREM3

Sleep terrors may occur in this stage.

nREM2

Sudden brief muscular contractions may occur in these two stages as muscles relax.

nREM2

During this stage EEGs reveal K complexes and sleep spindles.

REM

This sleep stage can be characterized by an increase in blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing.

REM

Stage showing loss of muscle tone and an inability to move voluntary muscles.

nREM2

The body tends to stop in this stage between nREM3 and REM, and vice versa.

nREM3

Sleep walking is only possible in this stage.

All but most coherent: REM

Sleep talking occurs in this stage

REM

This sleep stage features saw-tooth “beta-like” waves.

nREM1

Theta waves predominate this stage.

nREM3

As the sleep cycle repeats throughout the night time, this stage DECREASES most.

REM

As the sleep cycle repeats throughout the night time, this stage INCREASES most.

nREM2

On average, you spend the largest portion of the night in this stage.

Alpha Waves

just before sleep

Theta Waves

nREM1 (and some nREM2)

Theta→Delta

nREM2

Delta

nREM3-4

Beta-like

REM

Consciousness

awareness of yourself and your external environment

Circadian rhythms

Daily autonomous cycle of bodily processes (sleeping/digestion)

Suprchiasmatic Nucleus

The part of the hypothalamus that regulates the circadian rhythms and CONTROLS MELATONIN

Jet Lag

body’s internal clock has trouble adjusting when you travel across time zones

Shift Work

biological clock of an individual is often altered during night shifts (consistent overnight shifts)

How many minutes do the cycles of sleep take in total?

60-90 mins (you should have 5-6 cycles a night)

Hypnagogic sensations:

• Occur in nREM1

• trippy, drowsy, dreamy

• myoclonic jerks: muscle spasms/body shakes

What happens during nREM2?

• Sleep spindles (thalamus shutting down and not processing stimuli)

• K-complexes (hippocampus beginning to process for consolidation)

What happens during nREM3-4

Hardest to wake up, sleep movement, very slow brain waves

What happens during REM

• also called paradoxical sleep (contradicting state of active mind vs sleeping body)

• vivid dreams

• rapid eye movement

REM Rebound

After REM deprivation, your body will undergo much more REM and skips through processes to get there

sleep revenge

spend all day working and finish work late and since you deserve fun time you end up staying up even later

Information Processing/Consolidation Theory

dreams are how we transfer info from hippocampus to cerebral cortex

Activation Synthesis Theory

Dreams are random neural firings in the brain that the brain tries to make sense of

Physiological Function Theory

Dreams are a way of keeping neural pathways stimulated/preserved while sleeping

Cognitive Development Theory

Dreams help people solve problems/process info and represents a person’s experiences

Insomnia

• can’t fall asleep

• or you can fall asleep but then you wake up and can’t fall asleep for another 30-45 mins

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

act out dreams, talk, scream

Somnambulism

move around in sleep in nREM3/sleep walk

Narcolepsy

• brain can’t control when to sleep

• fall asleep involuntarily at random times

Sleep Apnea

• stop breathing at night

• brain forces you to wake up

Sleep spindles

thalamus shutting down and not processing stimuli

K-complexes

hippocampus getting ready for memory consolidation