Loop of Henle

loop of Henle

The descending ________ is responsible for reabsorbing water from the filtrate in the kidneys.

epithelial cells

The water moves out of the descending limb through the highly permeable channels called aquaporins, which are present in the apical surface of the ________ lining the limb.

tubular epithelial cells

The specific mechanisms involved in the movement of water and solutes through the ________ are complex and involve the action of multiple transport proteins and ion channels.

macula densa

If the osmolarity is too high, the ________ will send signals to the juxtaglomerular cells of the afferent arteriole, which will decrease the amount of blood flow to the glomerulus.

interstitial fluid

The ________ is rich in solutes, which creates an osmotic gradient for the reabsorption of water in the subsequent nephron segment, the distal convoluted tubule.

interstitial osmolality

After the transport of ions, the ________ is increased, creating a gradient that drives water reabsorption in the adjacent, water- permeable collecting duct.

Aquaporins

________ are integral membrane proteins that form channels in the cell membrane.

NKCC

Before the ________ co- transporter can work, sodium ions move into the cell via sodium- proton antiporter (NHE) in exchange for hydrogen ions.

filtrate moves

Overall, the osmolarity change as ________ down the descending loop of Henle is essential for regulating the concentration of solutes and water in the body.

serious electrolyte

Any defects in the transport of Na+, K+, or Cl- across the TAL can result in ________ imbalances, such as the genetic disorder Bartter syndrome.

tissue

The ________ in the descending limb is composed of simple squamous epithelium.

co transporter

The Na+ /K+ /2Cl- ________ helps move Na+, K+, and Cl- from the tubular fluid into the tubular cell.

loop of Henle

The ascending ________ is a nephron segment where the filtrate, after passing through the descending limb, has its water content reduced.

In particular, the TAL cells utilize the NKCC2 transporter located on the basolateral membrane to actively transport Na+, K+, and Cl

ions into the cell from the surrounding tissue

Once inside the cell, the Na+ and Cl

ions are transported out of the cell and into the surrounding tissue through ion channels located on the apical membrane, while the K+ ions are transported back into the surrounding tissue through the K+ channels also located on the apical membrane

In particular, the TAL cells utilize the NKCC2 transporter located on the basolateral membrane to actively transport Na+, K+, and Cl

ions into the cell from the surrounding tissue

Once inside the cell, the Na+ and Cl

ions are transported out of the cell and into the surrounding tissue through ion channels located on the apical membrane, while the K+ ions are transported back into the surrounding tissue through the K+ channels also located on the apical membrane

This stage of reabsorption can be further subdivided into two portions

the thick and thin ascending limbs

The transport of these ions out of the tubular cell is driven by the Na+/K+/2Cl

co-transporter and the K+ channel

Any defects in the transport of Na+, K+, or Cl

across the TAL can result in serious electrolyte imbalances, such as the genetic disorder Bartter syndrome