exam final

Gametogenesis

The process of forming gametes (sperm and oocytes) through meiosis and maturation.

Spermatogenesis

The specific process of sperm cell formation, beginning at puberty and cycling approximately every 74 days.

Oogenesis

The process of female gamete (oocyte) formation, which begins during embryogenesis and continues at puberty.

Semiiferous Tubules

Tubules within the testis where sperm production occurs.

Sertoli Cells

Cells that support and nurture developing germ cells and produce seminiferous fluid.

Leydig Cells

Cells located outside the seminiferous tubules that produce androgens.

Epididymis

A duct where sperm are stored and matured, coiled against the testis.

Ductus Deferens

A tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the urethra.

Corpus Spongiosum

The erectile tissue that surrounds the urethra and prevents it from closing during erection.

Seminal Vesicles

Accessory glands that produce a significant portion of seminal fluid.

Prostate Gland

The largest accessory reproductive gland in males that contributes to seminal fluid.

Bulbourethral Glands

Glands that produce pre-ejaculate fluid, which lubricates the urethra.

Ovaries

Female reproductive organs that produce oocytes and hormones.

Follicles

Structures in the ovaries that contain developing oocytes.

Cervix

The lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina.

Vagina

The muscular canal leading from the external genitals to the uterus.

Fertilization

The process of sperm fusing with an oocyte to form a zygote.

Zona Pellucida

A glycoprotein layer surrounding the oocyte that plays a critical role in fertilization.

Implantation

The process where the blastocyst attaches to the uterine lining.

Placenta

An organ that develops during pregnancy to provide nutrients and remove waste for the fetus.

Pregnancy Complications

Conditions such as ectopic pregnancy, placenta previa, and preeclampsia that can occur during pregnancy.

Hormones of Pregnancy

Hormones such as hCG, estrogen, and progesterone that regulate various aspects of pregnancy.

Labor Stages

The stages of childbirth, including dilation of the cervix, expulsion of the fetus, and delivery of the placenta.

Postpartum Changes

Physical and hormonal changes that occur in a woman after giving birth.

Menstrual Cycle

The monthly cycle of changes in hormone levels, ovulation, and menstruation in females.

Mendelian Inheritance

The inheritance pattern where traits are determined by dominant and recessive alleles.

Contraceptive Effectiveness

The measure of how well a contraceptive method prevents unintended pregnancies.