Histology: All Tissues

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Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Neural

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<p></p><ol><li><p>What tissue is this?</p></li><li><p>Where can it be found?</p></li><li><p>What is its function?</p></li></ol><p></p>

  1. What tissue is this?

  2. Where can it be found?

  3. What is its function?

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Location: Lining body cavities

Function: Diffusion

( simple squamous are very thin cells — thinner cells = faster rate of diffusion )

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Simple Squamous Epithelium

  • One layer

  • Flat & squished

  • Round nuclei (but may look squished)

<p><strong>Simple Squamous Epithelium</strong></p><p>Location: <strong><u>Lining body cavities</u></strong></p><p>Function: <strong><u>Diffusion</u></strong></p><p>( simple squamous are very thin cells — <u>thinner</u> <u>cells</u> = <u>faster rate of diffusion</u> )</p><p>-</p><p><strong>Simple Squamous Epithelium</strong></p><ul><li><p>One layer</p></li><li><p>Flat &amp; <u>squished</u></p></li><li><p>Round nuclei (but may look squished)</p></li></ul><p></p>
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<ol><li><p>What tissue is this?</p></li><li><p>Where can it be found?</p></li><li><p>What is its function?</p></li></ol><p></p>
  1. What tissue is this?

  2. Where can it be found?

  3. What is its function?

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Location: Thyroid gland

Function: Secretion

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Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

  • One layer

  • Boxy with round nuclei

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<ol><li><p>What tissue is this?</p></li><li><p>Where can it be found?</p></li><li><p>What is its function?</p></li></ol><p></p>
  1. What tissue is this?

  2. Where can it be found?

  3. What is its function?

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Location: Intestinal lining

Function: Secretion

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Simple Columnar Epithelium

  • One layer

  • Long like columns, nuclei is elongated (oval-shaped)

  • Nuclei are somewhat linear

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<ol><li><p>What tissue is this?</p></li><li><p>Where can it be found?</p></li><li><p>What is its function?</p></li></ol><p></p>
  1. What tissue is this?

  2. Where can it be found?

  3. What is its function?

Simple Columnar Epithelium w/ Microvilli

Location: Intestinal lining

Function: Secretion

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Microvilli = increases surface area for absorption & secretion

Microvilli has:

  • Goblet cells = secrete mucus

Can also be: Simple Columnar Epithelium w/ Cilia = moves substances over the apical (exposed) surface of the cells

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<ol><li><p>What tissue is this?</p></li><li><p>Where can it be found?</p></li><li><p>What is its function?</p></li></ol><p></p>
  1. What tissue is this?

  2. Where can it be found?

  3. What is its function?

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Location: Surface of skin (dry)

Function: Protection

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Stratified Squamous Epithelium

  • Many layers

  • Many nuclei

  • Apical cells look flat & squished at the top

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<ol><li><p>What tissue is this?</p></li><li><p>Where can it be found?</p></li><li><p>What is its function?</p></li></ol><p></p>
  1. What tissue is this?

  2. Where can it be found?

  3. What is its function?

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Location: Lining of some ducts

Function: Protection

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

  • Many layers

  • Apical cells look boxy with round nuclei

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<ol><li><p>What tissue is this?</p></li><li><p>Where can it be found?</p></li><li><p>What is its function?</p></li></ol><p></p>
  1. What tissue is this?

  2. Where can it be found?

  3. What is its function?

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Location: Male urethra

Function: Protection

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Stratified Columnar Epithelium

  • Many layers

  • Apical cells look columnar & long, nuclei look elongated

  • Goblet cells are lighter in image which means they secrete mucus

  • Nuclei stains darker

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<ol><li><p>What tissue is this?</p></li><li><p>Where can it be found?</p></li><li><p>What is its function?</p></li></ol><p></p>
  1. What tissue is this?

  2. Where can it be found?

  3. What is its function?

Transitional Epithelium

Location: Urinary bladder

Function: Allows for stretching

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Transitional Epithelium

  • Dome-shaped cells on top

  • Many layers (you almost think its "stratified” but look at the umbrella cells on top)

  • Round nuclei

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<ol><li><p>What tissue is this?</p></li><li><p>Where can it be found?</p></li><li><p>What is its function?</p></li></ol><p></p>
  1. What tissue is this?

  2. Where can it be found?

  3. What is its function?

Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Location: Nasal cavity

Function: Protection

→ Pseudo = fake Stratified = layers

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

  • Nuclei = up & down, squished

  • Cilia on apical surface (moves substances across apical)

  • All will have attachment to the basement membrane

<p><strong><u>Ciliated</u> Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium</strong></p><p>Location: <span style="color: red;"><strong><u>Nasal cavity</u></strong></span></p><p>Function: <strong><u>Protection</u></strong></p><p></p><p>→ Pseudo = fake Stratified = layers</p><p></p><p><strong>Pseudostratified <u>Ciliated</u> Columnar Epithelium</strong></p><ul><li><p>Nuclei = <u>up &amp; dow</u>n, squished</p></li><li><p>Cilia on apical surface (moves substances across apical)</p></li><li><p>All will have <u>attachment</u> to the <u>basement membrane</u></p></li></ul><p></p>
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<ol><li><p>What tissue is this?</p></li><li><p>Where can it be found?</p></li><li><p>What is its function?</p></li></ol><p></p>
  1. What tissue is this?

  2. Where can it be found?

  3. What is its function?

Areolar Connective Tissue

Location: Deep dermis, between muscles

Function: Connects skin to muscle

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Areolar Connective Tissue

  • Loose fibers = open framework (seeing lots of space between fiber & cells)

  • Gel-like matrix w/ 3 fiber types: collagen, elastin, reticular

  • Can see many types of cells like: mast cells and fibroblasts

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<ol><li><p>What tissue is this?</p></li><li><p>Where can it be found?</p></li><li><p>What is its function?</p></li></ol><p></p>
  1. What tissue is this?

  2. Where can it be found?

  3. What is its function?

Adipose Connective Tissue

Location: Buttocks

Function: Provides padding and cushion

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Adipose Connective Tissue

  • Consists of Adipocytes: filled with white fat

  • Because of fat, the nucleus is pushed to the side (may look shaped like simple squamous, but look at the nucleus pushed to the side)

  • Loose fibers = open framework (BUT in adipose tissue you can’t see much fibers or open framework because of the fat)

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<ol><li><p>What tissue is this?</p></li><li><p>Where can it be found?</p></li><li><p>What is its function?</p></li></ol><p></p>
  1. What tissue is this?

  2. Where can it be found?

  3. What is its function?

Reticular Connective Tissue

Location: Liver

Function: Provides supporting framework

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Reticular Connective Tissue

  • Loose fibers = open framework

  • See many cells called fibroblasts

  • Webby branches are reticular fibers w/ many cells & open framework

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<ol><li><p>What tissue is this?</p></li><li><p>Where can it be found?</p></li><li><p>What is its function?</p></li></ol><p></p>
  1. What tissue is this?

  2. Where can it be found?

  3. What is its function?

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Location: Tendon

Function: Conducts pull of muscles

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Dense Regular Connective Tissue

  • Dense fibers = NO open framework

  • LOT of collagen fibers densely packed in, adjacent to each other

  • (Tendon - connective tissue connecting muscle to bone)

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<ol><li><p>What tissue is this?</p></li><li><p>Where can it be found?</p></li><li><p>What is its function?</p></li></ol><p></p>
  1. What tissue is this?

  2. Where can it be found?

  3. What is its function?

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Location: Deep dermis

Function: Provides strength to resist forces applied from many directions

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Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

  • Dense fibers = NO open framework

  • LOT of collagen fibers going in different directions — which allows your skin to take forces and pressures in different directions

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<ol><li><p>What tissue is this?</p></li><li><p>Where can it be found?</p></li><li><p>What is its function?</p></li></ol><p></p>
  1. What tissue is this?

  2. Where can it be found?

  3. What is its function?

Elastic Connective Tissue

Location: Between vertebrae of the spinal column

Function: Stabilizes position of vertebrae

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Elastic Connective Tissue

  • Dense fibers = NO open framework

  • Fibers appear in bundles

  • Contains more elastic fibers than collagen fibers

    • Elastic fibers are thinner than collagen fibers

  • Elastic fibers stain darker and are wavy like an elastic band

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<ol><li><p>What tissue is this?</p></li><li><p>Where can it be found?</p></li><li><p>What is its function?</p></li></ol><p></p>
  1. What tissue is this?

  2. Where can it be found?

  3. What is its function?

Hyaline Cartilage Connective Tissue

Location: Between bones at the joints

Function: Flexible support

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Hyaline Cartilage Connective Tissue

  • Matrix: looks hazy, glassy

  • Chondrocytes in lacunae

  • Nuclei = chondrocytes

  • Lacuna = white space looking “halo”

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<ol><li><p>What tissue is this?</p></li><li><p>Where can it be found?</p></li><li><p>What is its function?</p></li></ol><p></p>
  1. What tissue is this?

  2. Where can it be found?

  3. What is its function?

Elastic Cartilage Connective Tissue

Location: Auricle of the ear

Function: Maintains shape but allows for great flexibility

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Elastic Cartilage Connective Tissue

  • Matrix: gel w/ elastic fibers

  • Elastic fibers stained darker & thinner than collagen

  • Chondrocytes in lacunae

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  1. What tissue is this?

  2. Where can it be found?

  3. What is its function?

Fibrocartilage Connective Tissue

Location: Knee meniscus

Function: Resists compression (strongest of all cartilage types)

  • You see fibrocartilage in areas w/ high stress (knee joints) to absorb compressive shocks

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Fibrocartilage Connective Tissue

  • Matrix: gel w/ chondrocytes in lacunae lined up in a row

  • Collagen fibers, unlike hyaline, will stain when looking at fibrocartilage

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  1. What tissue is this?

  2. Where can it be found?

  3. What is its function?

Bone Connective Tissue (Osseous Tissue)

Location: Skeletal system

Function: Support & strength

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Osseous Tissue (Bone)

  • Osteons

  • Lamellae (solid) = matrix

  • Osteocytes = mature bone cells found within osteons

  • Has lacunae, calcium salts, central canal, blood vessels

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  1. What tissue is this?

  2. Where can it be found?

  3. What is its function?

Blood - Fluid Connective Tissue

Location: Blood vessels

Function: Transports substances throughout the body - nutrients, hormones, gases

Blood Tissue

  • Matrix of Blood = Plasma

  • RBC’s, WBC’s, Platelets

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<ol><li><p>What tissue is this?</p></li><li><p>Where can it be found?</p></li><li><p>What is its function?</p></li></ol><p></p>
  1. What tissue is this?

  2. Where can it be found?

  3. What is its function?

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Location: Combined with connective and neural tissues in skeletal muscle

Function: Moves or stabilizes the position of the skeleton

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Skeletal Muscle Tissue

  • Has striations, long multi-nucleated cells

  • Voluntary movement

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<ol><li><p>What tissue is this?</p></li><li><p>Where can it be found?</p></li><li><p>What is its function?</p></li></ol><p></p>
  1. What tissue is this?

  2. Where can it be found?

  3. What is its function?

Smooth Muscle Tissue

Location: Walls of blood vessels

Function: Regulates diameter of blood vessels

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Smooth Muscle Tissue

  • Nonstriated w/ a single, central nucleus

  • Cells are short, spindle-shaped

  • Pay attention to the nuclei

→ Smooth Muscle is most commonly confused w/ dense regular connective and elastic tissue

  • But on smooth muscle, the nuclei are long and oval-shaped (cigar shaped) and centrally located

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<ol><li><p>What tissue is this?</p></li><li><p>Where can it be found?</p></li><li><p>What is its function?</p></li></ol><p></p>
  1. What tissue is this?

  2. Where can it be found?

  3. What is its function?

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Location: Heart

Function: Circulates blood

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Cardiac Muscle Tissue

  • Cells are short, branched, and striated, usually w/ a single nucleus

  • Cells are interconnected by intercalated discs

  • On the histology image, pay attention to intercalated discs that are stained darker and found in between cells

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  1. What tissue is this?

  2. Where can it be found?

  3. What is its function?

Neural Tissue

Location: Brain & Spinal cord

Function: Conduct electrical signals through the body

Neural Muscle Tissue

  • Has dendrites, cell body, axon hillock, axon, and axon terminals