emt state test flashcarda

croup

infection of the upper airway common between 6 months and 4 years
causes swelling beneath the glottis

epiglottitis

bacterial infection that causes swelling of the epiglottis

asthma

long term inflammatory process characterized by increased mucus production and acute narrowing of the airways

bronchiolitis

the mucosal layer of the bronchioles is inflamed by a viral infection

pneumonia

infection in the lungs can obstruct the airways and lead to respiratory compromise

congenital heart disease (CHD)

can be due to abnormal valves

meningitis

infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord
signs: recent ear or respiratory tract infection

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

sudden and unexpected death of an infant in which an autopsy fails to identify the cause of death

neuropathy

affects motor

numbness

tingling

congestive heart failure (CHF)

backup of blood behind a weakened heart results in characteristic signs and symptoms: JVD

pulmonary edema

fluid in the lungs

pulmonary embolism

usually occurring when a blood clot breaks free from veins of the lower extremities or pelvis and is transported back through the right side of the heart

hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)

complication of type II diabetes where the BGL rises

delirium

alteration in mental function with a recent and sudden onset that may begin with delusions

anaphylaxis

severe

dementia

chronic

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

chronic bronchitis + emphysema (damaged alveoli)

spontaneous pneumothorax

collapsed lung from coughing

hyperventilation syndrome

panic attacks
care: calm the pt down

pertussis

whooping cough

cystic fibrosis

hereditary. commonly causes pulmonary dysfunction as a result of changes in the mucus-secreting glands of the lungs

coronary artery disease (CAD)

atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels

acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

umbrella term for angina and myocardial infarction

stable angina

chest pain because of physical exertion usually gets better with time or nitro
women

myocardial infarction

heart attack

occurs when a plaque ruptures and a thrombus forms

aortic aneurysm

weakened area of the aortic wall dilates

aortic dissection

blood enters a tear in the inner lining of the aorta and separates the layers of the aortic wall

type 1 diabetes

pancreas does not secrete insulin

type 2 diabetes

pts use oral medication

hypoglycemia

high BGL caused by a relative lack of insulin

respiratory distress

pt who is having difficulty breathing but has an adequate tidal volume and respiratory rate

respiratory failure

if either the tidal volume or the respiratory rate becomes or is inadequate

respiratory arrest

when the breathing effort ceases completely

insulin shock

decreased BGL

unstable angina

can happen at any moment

stroke

nontraumatic medical injury to the brain due to an inadequate amount of blood being delivered to a portion of the brain

ischemic stroke

occurs when the cerebral artery is blocked by a clot or other foreign matter

thrombotic stroke

results from a clot that develops at the site of occlusion (thrombus)

embolic stroke

results from a clot or other matter that has traveled from another area of the body (embolus) and lodges in a cerebral artery and occludes it

hemorrhagic stroke

results from the rupture of an artery that causes bleeding within the brain (intracerebral) or in the space around the outer surface of the brain (subarachnoid space)

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

develop most of the same signs and symptoms as those who are experiencing a stroke but the signs and symptoms disappear without any obvious permanent neurological deficits

seizure

sudden and temporary alteration in brain function caused by massive

epilepsy

chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures

primary seizures

usually due to a genetic or unknown cause

generalized seizure

involves both hemispheres of the brain and the reticular activating system

partial seizure

typically related to abnormal activity in just one cerebral hemisphere

secondary seizures

occur as a result of an insult to the body such as fever

status epilepticus

pt who suffers general motor seizures that last more than 3 min or seizures that occurs consecutively without a period of responsiveness between them

generalized tonic-clonic (grand-mal) seizure

usually begins with abnormal electrical activity low in the cerebral cortex that spreads upward affecting both cerebral hemispheres and downward

simple partial seizure

involves only one cerebral hemisphere and pt remains awake

complex partial seizure

involves only one cerebral hemisphere and lasts 1-2 min

absence (petit mal) seizure

most common in children

febrile seizure

caused by high fever

syncope

fainting

peritonitis

irritation and inflammation of the peritoneum that occurs when blood

pancreatitis

inflammation of the pancreas that may cause severe pain in the middle of the upper quadrants and sometimes radiates to the back

cholecystitis

inflammation of the gallbladder that is commonly associated with the presence of gallstones

gastroenteritis

inflammation of the stomach and small intestines

ulcers

open wounds or sores within the digestive tract

hernia

protrusion or thrusting forward of a portion of the intestine through an opening or weakness in the ab wall

abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)

weakened

anemia

basically a reduction of the number of red blood cells in the circulating blood volume

sickle cell anemia

hereditary blood disorder

hemophilia

blood disorder that affects clotting

dysmenorrhea

strong uterine cramps that cause the severe pain during menstruation

mittelschmerz

abdominopelvic pain in the middle of her menstrual cycle

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

infection of the female reproductive tract caused by bacteria

renal calculi

kidney stones

spontaneous abortion

miscarriage

placenta previa

abnormal implantation of the placenta near or over the cervix

abruptio placentae

the abnormal separation of the placenta from the uterine wall prior to the birth of the baby

ectopic pregnancy

a fertilized ovum is implanted outside the uterus

preeclampsia

development of hypertension with proteinuria

eclampsia

more severe form of preeclampsia and includes coma or seizures

pregnancy induced hypertension

defined as a BP in a pregnant woman that is greater than 140/90 mmHg on two or more occasions at 6 hours apart or an increase in systolic BP >30 mmHg

supine hypotensive syndrome

third trimester complication

nuchal cord

umbilical cord around the neck of the neonate
must be managed immediately as it is found by using two fingers to slip the cord over the infant's shoulder

prolapsed cord

the umbilical cord is the presenting part and may be cutting off oxygen to the infant

breech birth

presentation is one in which the fetal buttocks or lower extremities are low in the uterus and are the first to be delivered

limb presentation

vaginal delivery is impossible

meconium

fetal distress can lead to the fetus passing a bowel movement into the amniotic fluid

shoulder dystocia

the fetal shoulders are larger than the fetal head

premature rupture of membranes (PROM)

spontaneous rupture of the amniotic sac prior to the onset of true labor and before the end of the 37th week of gestation

postpartum hemorrhage

loss of more than 500 mL blood after delivery

carbon monoxide poisoning

CO reduces the amount of oxygen in the bloodstream and the atmosphere

cyanide

interferes with the use of oxygen at the cellular level

acids

burn on contact and continue to burn

alkalis

burn on contact

narcotics

CNS depressants that are derived from opium (opiates) or synthetic opium (opioids)

pericardial tamponade

heart chambers may be compressed from a collection of blood in the pericardial sac (fibrous sac that surrounds the heart). if the chambers are compressed

tension pneumothorax

results from an injury to the lung that permits a large collection of air in the pleural space of one hemithorax

hypovolemic shock

caused by low blood volume

hemorrhage hypovolemic shock

loss of whole blood

non-hemorrhagic shock

dehydration

burn shock

plasma and plasma proteins leak from damaged capillaries

distributive shock

caused by vasodilation leading to a relative reduction in intravascular volume

anaphylactic shock

chemical substances released in anaphylactic reaction cause massive systemic vasodilation and increased capillary permeability

septic shock

bacteria and toxins in the blood lead to vasodilation and increased capillary permeability