HBS-New Unit 1 Review (1.1 and 1.2)

Epithelial

A body tissue that covers the surfaces of the body, inside and out

Connective

supports body organs

Muscle Tissue

A body tissue that contracts or shortens, making body parts move.

epiphysis of long bone

ends of the bone, composed mostly of spongy bone

Nervous Tissue

A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body.

Fibula

The lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg

Femur

upper leg bone

Humerus

upper arm bone

Sarcomere

contractile unit of a muscle fiber

acetylcholine

neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells

Osteoblasts

bone forming cells

osteoclasts

large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix

ATP

(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work

Calcium's role in muscle contraction

The permeable muscle cell membrane allows the calcium to rush into the muscle cell. The calcium binds to the troponin-tropomyosin complex (the "door") and pulls it away from the actin receptor sites.

Fracture healing steps

1. hematoma forms

2. fibrocartilaginous callus forms

3. bony callus forms

4. bone remodeling occurs

Perimysium

surrounds fascicles

endomysium

Connective tissue surrounding a muscle fiber

Epimysium

surrounds entire muscle

Abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body

Adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body

Dorsiflexion

bending of the foot or the toes upward

Gastrocnemius

Calf muscle

Popliteal

back of knee

biceps femoris

extends thigh and flexes leg

origin of muscle attachment

less movable muscle attachment

Insertion of muscle attachment

attachment to movable bone

Flexor

Decreases the angle of a joint

plantar flexion

pointing toes

pectoralis major

chest muscle

ball and socket joint

hip and shoulder

hinge joint

Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one plane

anterior drawer stress test

used to check for ACL injury

posterior drawer test

used to check for PCL injury

Valgus Test

used to assess the medial collateral ligament

Varus Test

used to check the lateral collateral ligament

cartilaginous joint

semi-moveable joint

fibrous joint

connect bones without allowing any movement (like sutures)

synovial joint

freely movable joint

Kinesiology Tape (KT)

Type of taping technique used to lift the skin to allow for more space for the movement of fluid

irregular bones

vertebrae and facial bones

long bones

a shaft with two ends, more long than wide.

Striations

alternate dark and light bands found on skeletal and cardiac muscle

muscle cramps

involuntary muscle contractions

cross bridge cycle

Continues as long as the Ca2+ signal and adequate ATP are present

Transverse, oblique, rectus

Muscles named for the direction of muscle fibers

Trapezius and Rhomboids

Muscles named for their shape

Gluteus Maximus and Gluteus Minimus

muscles named for their size

Distal

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment

Axillary

pertaining to the armpit