OCHEM Semester 2 Exam 1

DOU Equation

= n - M/2 - X/2 + Y/2 +1

Beer Lambert Law

A = εcl

A = -log (T)

T=

I₀/I₁

Amide

1630-1680

Carboxylic Acid

1700-1725

Ester

1735-1800

Ketone

1725

Aldehyde

1715

anhydride, two bands

1720

Acyl Chloride

1800

NMR probes

Nuclear Spin States

IR probes

Vibrational States

UV-vis probes

Electronic States

EPR probes

Rotational States

Spectroscopy

Absorbs electromagnetic radiation and observes molecule in excited state

Spectrometry

Measures masses, observes charged particles

Mass Spectrometry gives information on

Elemental composition, molecular weight, and molecular formula

X-ray crystallography gives information on

Structure, Connectivity, geometry, size

UV-Vis gives information on

Electronic energy states

IR gives information on

Vibrational frequencies, functional groups

EPR gives information on

Rotational states

Wavelength

Inversely proportional to energy

Frequency, wavenumber

Proportional to energy

Energy =

hv

Hooke’s Law

wavelength = 1/2pic srt((f (M₁ + M₂)/(M₁M₂))

Fourier Transform (FT)

Converts intensity vs time to intensity vs resonance frequency

NMR Data

Chemical Shift (Where signal shows up (ppm)), integration (How many nuclei make up the signal), multiplicity (coupling constant)